tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-91065211568578631342024-02-20T07:11:11.609-08:00College admissions essayAden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.comBlogger169125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-52575336009147267382020-08-28T01:55:00.001-07:002020-08-28T01:55:06.362-07:00Developmental Psychology and Stage free essay sampleJean Piagetââ¬â¢s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development: At what age do you believe you entered the phase of Formal Operational Thought? Clarify the stage quickly and afterward center around giving instances of ways your reasoning has moved to demonstrate you have formed into this phase of thinking. (For example, give a case of how your perspectives on equity or profound quality have moved as youââ¬â¢ve developed. ) I accept that I entered the Formal Operational Thought Stage when I was seventeen years of age. I was a senior in secondary school getting ready for life after graduation. It was during this timeframe that I started to figure plans for my life after secondary school just as figuring out how to think and act arrive at resolutions for myself. My psyche state right now was the means by which I was going to pay for an advanced degree and still have the option to get by all alone. After cautious thought and gauging the professionals against the cons it was then that I chose to join the United States Army. 2. Formative Stage Theory of Erik Erikson: Choose one phase from Eriksonââ¬â¢s Developmental Stage Theory and apply it to your own life. Clarify the stage, age that it happens, and how the focal test of that stage happened in your life. What was the result of this phase for you? Did anything occur in your life before that phase that influenced the result? How does the result from that stage influence how you are today? Give explicit subtleties that exhibit your comprehension of the stage you pick. I pick the fifth stage Adolescence. Erickson characterizes this phase as the time in our life when we begin to address what our identity is. He accepts that between the ages of 12 and 18 we battle with character and job disarray. I accept that this phase in life tends to establish the pace of an individualââ¬â¢s life. For me this stage has end up being the most significant piece of my life. During this stage in my life I discovered that both my folks had intense addictions and that my kin and I would live with my grandparents. By my grandparents being so old I ended up battling with job personality the most. While other youngsters my age was outside playing and making the most of their childhood I was assuming the job of my more youthful siblingââ¬â¢s mother. When I entered secondary school I had gone to the acknowledgment that it was my obligation and my duty just to deal with my younger sibling and sister. My mom indicated no enthusiasm for finding support or tolerating the way that she had a dependence and my dad had vanished totally we just got notification from him on an unpredictable premise. So as opposed to spending time with my companions or doing tra curricular exercises after school I would go straight home cook supper and help my kin with their schoolwork all before doing my own schoolwork. At the point when I went into my lesser year in secondary school I joined the JROTC program which gave me a superior comprehension of the military. At seventeen I joined the IL Army National Guard. I genuinely accept that in the event that it werenââ¬â¢t for the things that occurred before this phase in my life I wouldnââ¬â¢t have settled on the choice to join the Army. The occasions in this phase of my life showed me the genuine significance of duty just as being benevolent. It helped me comprehend what my motivation in life was. I am who I am today a direct result of the existence exercises I got the hang of during the stage in my life. I am a great mother spouse and trooper as a result of the things I got the hang of during that timeframe. 3. Lawrence Kohlbergââ¬â¢s Theory of Moral Development: Considering the good or moral choices that you have made in your life, depict one choice you made dependent on one of the three degrees of good turn of events. Make certain to obviously clarify the degree of good turn of events and plainly distinguish the fundamental moral thinking behind your choice. (For example, you may clarify a choice you made dependent on Preconventional ethical quality when you were a youngster, or you may concentrate on a choice you produced using a more significant level of improvement as a grown-up. ) One choice I have made that lines up with the convictions of Kohlbergââ¬â¢s Theory of Moral Development happens during switch one phase one. Kohlbergââ¬â¢s characterizes this level as a biased understanding that those in charges gives us a lot of decides that we should comply with this stage typically happens during the early long stretches of improvement. As a kid we were constantly instructed to hush up about our hands to no touch what doesn't have a place with us. In spite of the fact that I was extremely mindful of what the standards were and the results of breaking one of those said rules my more seasoned sibling and I would consistently sneak into the kitchen in the night and eat my dadââ¬â¢s nutty spread bars. One night my sibling had went to go through the night at his friendââ¬â¢s house and I woke up in the center of the night and snuck down steps like I had done various evenings prior. I went into the kitchen and got two nutty spread bars and as I was preparing to sneak back upstairs to my room I heard my father descending the steps so I picked up the pace and slithered under the kitchen counter. I was frightened of getting captured in light of the fact that I realized what the outcomes were. Both my folks were ardent devotees to saving the bar youngster ruins the kid so for a situation like this I realized that my discipline would be a whipping. My father strolled around the whole kitchen before going upstairs minutes after the fact I heard my mother shout. My father had woke her up on the grounds that when he went upstairs and I wasnââ¬â¢t in mother room. They looked through the whole house while I stowed away under the kitchen sink. Now and time my decisions were to originated from under the sink and mention to them what I had done or keep stowing away. Directly as I heard my mother say they expected to call the police I froze and ran from under the sink crying and beseeching them not to call the police on me. I realized that by sneaking and taking my dadââ¬â¢s nutty spread bars I was disrupting the norms however the idea of going to prison due to it was much more than what I was set up to deal with. 4. Formative Milestones: Motor Development. The unfurling of natural potential is known as ââ¬Å"maturation. â⬠Motor ability advancement in babies is generally constrained by the procedure of development. Consider a kid that you have known (yourself, your own youngster, a companion or relative). Depict how the youngster advanced from turning over, to sitting, standing, and strolling. At what age did every achievement happen? Did the advancement happen in a ââ¬Å"typicalâ⬠succession dependent on what youââ¬â¢ve realized in your content? Is there anything that happened in the childââ¬â¢s condition that either postponed engine advancement or encouraged it? What is the contrast among ââ¬Å"maturationâ⬠and ââ¬Å"learning,â⬠dependent on your readings and perception? Having three offspring of my own I have had the incredible benefit of seeing their engine improvement. All things considered they all grew totally in an unexpected way. My most seasoned had a ton of postponements is his engine improvement. He was brought into the world a month and a half rashly and it was said that that was the purpose for his postponements. He started turning over at around a half year and didnââ¬â¢t make his first strides until well after his first birthday celebration. My subsequent youngster built up a great deal sooner than the writings proposes is typical. At her ix week registration she was turning over from her stomach to her back by her multi month registration she was moving from her back to her stomach sitting up unsupported and was starting to pull herself up on things by a half year she was making strides on her own unsupported she never crept she went directly from pulling herself up to strolling. My most youthful youngster is as of now seven months and in spite of the fact that she isn't creating as quick as my second kid she doesn't display and engine formative postponements. She was brought into the world a month and a half rashly too. I do imagine that since she has more seasoned kin around her that that may have added to the speed in her turn of events. It has been my own experience that when infants are around other kids that are progressively grown then they are every day they have inclination to create at a quicker speed then kids who are in a domain where there arenââ¬â¢t other kids around. Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-15932787805826132872020-08-22T13:57:00.001-07:002020-08-22T13:57:27.099-07:00Essay --Wellbeing advancement is significant in the counteraction of ailments and negative wellbeing practices in the mass open. It costââ¬â¢s the NHS significantly more to fix or treat the malady than it does to advance a more advantageous way of life. Wellbeing advancement is ââ¬Ëthe procedure of empowering individuals to build power over and improve their healthââ¬â¢ (Ottawa H.P. Sanction). During the 1950s the world wellbeing association attempted to get people inspired by and instructed about their own wellbeing. The structure of solid open arrangement is identified with the choices made at all degrees of the legislature and crafted by different associations who intend to improve wellbeing. The battle ââ¬ËHealthy Child Healthy Weightââ¬â¢ is pointed the avoidance of undesirable load in kids, which will prompt corpulence either now or in adulthood and later life (Scottish Government, 2011). The battle works intimately with schools, discovering this as a key association to help battle youth stoutness. The crusade mulls over Scottish approach ââ¬ËRoute Map towards Healthy Weightââ¬â¢ which likewise puts a huge spotlight on handling stoutness in kids, to put together their mediations with respect to. Likewise it mirrors the ââ¬ËGetting It Right For Every Childââ¬â¢ approach by putting the kid and their family at the focal point of the intercessions and offering help so youngsters can get the best beginning throughout everyday life (Scottish Government, 2012). The understanding that families, guardians just as youngsters must be incorporated will greatly affect the accomplishment of the battle; since these are the individuals who settle on the choices with respect to their childââ¬â¢s dietary patterns and making great dietary conduct. In Scotland more than one million grown-ups and more than 150,000 youngsters are hefty. Scotland has the third most significant level of stoutness per populace, after t... ...nts ought to be constrained during the timeframes kids are probably going to sit in front of the TV and should just have a restricted measure of air play every day. Taking everything into account the ââ¬ËHealthy Child Healthy Weightââ¬â¢ crusade can be exceptionally compelling in diminishing overweigh and stoutness in youngsters. Weight is a significant issue in todayââ¬â¢s society with the degree of event rising importance the expense to the NHS to treat the outcomes expanding. Intercession in youth will be advantageous to begin the conduct change process early where propensities have not been imparted for an incredible timeframe. Working with families will enable the kid to make progress toward a solid weight, as they will have the option to give sound dinners and empower physical movement. The expense of the crusade is an issue to guarantee the battle continues running, further supports must be sourced to give more mediations in neighborhoods. Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-3392968779888740772020-08-21T11:39:00.001-07:002020-08-21T11:39:21.020-07:00Consumer BehaviorPresentation It is typically the obligation of most legislatures of states to back practically all segments of their economies, for example, wellbeing, game, and instruction just to specify a couple. Notwithstanding, there are worldwide and neighborhood associations that come in to enable the legislature to guarantee that the general public obtains all the basic needs.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Consumer Behavior-Individual investigation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of these associations are not for the point of benefit making yet for the assistance of the general public. One such association is UNESCO, which represents United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. This association looks to guarantee the supportability of security and harmony in the general public through the arrangement of training and other significant operators of progress, for example, science and culture. There are around 197 part con ditions of UNESCO all through the globe together with eight Associate individuals. All things considered, provincial workplaces of UNESCO are conveyed in different pieces of the world. UNESCO has a few goals, with the primary ones including destitution annihilation, advancement of instruction, harmony improvement, and intercultural exchange among others (UNESCO 1). So as to accomplish the previously mentioned goals, UNESCO has set up programs that start their achievement. The projects incorporate correspondence and data, instruction, culture, social, and human sciences, and normal sciences. Furthermore, UNESCO has started extends just as supported them in an offer to guarantee that its objectives as an association are gotten. A portion of the UNESCO supported ventures incorporate ââ¬Å"the advancement of social assorted variety; specialized, education, and instructor preparing programs; universal science programs; the advancement of autonomous media and opportunity of the press; te rritorial and social history projectsâ⬠( UNESCO). Having taken a gander at an outline of the capacities and destinations of UNESCO, the remainder of the paper will dissect the utilization of customer conduct writing and hypotheses on this association. Later on in the paper, the particular utilization of this hypothesis on UNESCO will be talked about, just as, how UNESCO as an association endeavors to impact its customer base. Examination The purchaser conduct writing and speculations of learning and memory All associations (both the benefit and the non-benefit situated) have courses through which they empower the general public realize of what they do. So as to prevail in this, all associations are qualified for know about purchaser conduct writing, just as the hypotheses of learning and memory.Advertising Looking for evaluation on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Using these systems associatio ns are capable improve their advertising abilities thusly, arriving at a wide extent of buyers. As indicated by the customer conduct writing and the speculations of learning and memory, associations play with the brain science of the buyers consequently making them like and lean toward their administrations or potentially merchandise to those of different associations offering the equivalent (Westbrook and Oliver 84). Besides, the associations will have the option to embrace methodologies that put the shoppers in the main position. For example, the association ought to guarantee that the messages they pass on through ads will have the option to hardship the shoppers and make them potential clients. Compactly, customer conduct could be portrayed as those characteristics that potential shoppers search for in an item or administration before settling on the purchase choice (Alba, Hutchinson, and Lynch). This conduct varies from individual to person. Thusly, associations need to settle on compelling choices during publicizing to arrive at a more extensive extent of the general public as its shoppers. With respect to the instance of UNESCO, it should comprehend the extent of its buyers before actualizing any promoting procedure. For one, UNESCO has a few destinations, which are completely determined towards a bigger piece of the general public. Along these lines, to guarantee that the general public is well responsive of their capacities, tasks, and help, UNESCO as an association needs to apply the showcasing system of customer conduct writing and speculations of learning and memory. In doing this, the association will achieve the trust of the individuals in the general public as they will have the option to see the great work UNESCO is doing. In the first place, UNESCO ought to guarantee that its destinations are all around characterized with the end goal that the individuals in the general public obviously comprehend its capacities. For instance, while actualizin g one of the UNESCO ventures referenced before in the paper, the association should depict in a reasonable way the systems and the points of the targets. This won't just assistance in picking up the participation of the individuals in the general public, yet will likewise guarantee simpler feasibility of the destinations. Use of the hypothesis As examined in the past area, the utilization of the purchaser conduct and learning memory hypothesis is through the targets of the association, for this situation UNESCO. One of the primary application techniques is through appropriate showcasing procedure, whereby the association guarantees legitimate and powerful publicizing of the capacities and goals of the association to the general public (Hawkins, Best, and Coney).Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Consumer Behavior-Individual examination explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This can be through promoting efforts that are broad to arrive at a wide e xtent of shoppers (Alba, Hutchinson, and Lynch). For example, UNESCO could encourage showcasing efforts particularly to districts and countries that are not part nations to drive them to turning out to be individuals. On the off chance that this is successfully overseen, UNESCO will be a worldwide association and along these lines, its goals of destitution destruction, just as the others will be accomplished universally. Another path through which this hypothesis could be applied is through social advertising (Hawkins, Best, and Coney). In this, the association guarantees that the purchasers get the possibility of the organizationsââ¬â¢ items and administrations before they are offered to them. Along these lines, buyers can settle on practical choices in this manner making them gain the trust of the promoting association (Oliver 465). UNESCO could apply this system, for example, giving of proposition of the activities they might want to create in specific locales. This allows the general public to decide the validity and ability of the association before having them start extends in their districts and afterward they flop in future. Open arrangement is another method for applying the shopper conduct and speculations of learning and memory (Hawkins, Best, and Coney). Given the exposure that UNESCO has increased through its support of the general public just as through coordinated effort with other non-benefit making associations, for example, UNDP, it has had the option to apply adequately this strategy. It is consistent with state that solitary a little level of the worldââ¬â¢s populace have no data concerning UNESCO. Indeed, even the individuals who don't know about its targets and crucial mindful of its reality. All things considered, persuading individuals isn't an obstacle for UNESCO as an association. From this, it very well may be said that UNESCO has an upper hand over other non-benefit associations in a similar extension all the more so over the up and coming ones. This is on the grounds that, the vast majority are as of now mindful of what it is and what it manages henceforth, winning the trust of larger part of the individuals. As I would like to think, I would consider that these application strategies are proficient if successfully actualized by UNESCO. Truth be told, actualizing these methodologies will make a more noteworthy impact of UNESCO as a non-benefit association. End From the above conversation, obviously UNESCO is one of the significant non-benefit associations on the planet. Having taken a gander at the goals of UNESCO, it is by no uncertainty that this association does capacities that are of dare need to the individuals in the general public. In any case, all the destinations spin around neediness destruction and harmony upgrade, which are the necessities of each society.Advertising Searching for evaluation on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More So as to accomplish these goals in a viable way, UNESCO simply like different associations needs to guarantee that its showcasing systems are productive. From the investigation, it was noticed that an away from of shopper conduct writing, learning and memory speculations are basic for the accomplishment of UNESCO. The different routes through which these speculations could be applied were additionally recorded in the examination segment as being market procedure, social advertising, and open arrangement (Oliver 465). In the event that all the previously mentioned application strategies are effectively applied on UNESCO, it is consistent with state that it will prompt its prosperity. Also, the arrangement of purchaser procedure for UNESCO is positively not a major issue for the association given the extraordinary impact and exposure that it has everywhere throughout the world. It would thus be able to be inferred that, lone a little upgrade is required on the showcasing procedure of U NESCO so as to guarantee the success of more individuals from all districts of the world. Works Cited Alba Joseph, Hutchinson Wesley, and Lynch John. Memory and Decision Making. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991. Print. Hawkins Del, Best Roger, and Coney Kenneth. Shopper Behavior: Building Marketingà Strategy, seventh ed. Boston: McGraw Hill, 1998. Print. Oliver, Richard. ââ¬Å"A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions.â⬠Journal of Marketing Research 17.4 (1980): 460-469. Print. UNESCO. ââ¬Å"Living and Learning for a Viable Future: The Power of Adult Learning.â⬠à CONFINTEA VI. 1995. Web. https://en.unesco.org/Westbrook Robert and O Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-64506773288534066712020-05-26T12:02:00.001-07:002020-05-26T12:02:04.122-07:00The Fight Against Aristotle Essay Topics The Fight Against Aristotle Essay Topics There's an argument about what constitutes happiness. There are two sorts of virtues he recognises, intellectual and moral. If happiness is activity in accordance with excellence, it's reasonable that it ought to be in agreement with the maximum excellence. The typical element of all 3 beliefs is the idea of a thing. Apart from influencing the growth of contemporary science, his ideas also have been adopted by Christian thinkers like Thomas Aquinas. Aristotle stated that man proved to be a political animal by nature and so could hardly avoid the challenges of politics. Logically speaking, it's the only approach to connect both theories. The term democracy has different meanings in various states. Introducing Aristotle Essay Topics Though written more than 2,000 decades past, it features the modern reader many valuable insights into human requirements and conduct. Rather it was the undertaking of politics to make order on earth. The job may have seemed to disappear, Erickson has suggested, just because it wasn't taught for a long time. The term a great life might be interpreted in many various ways, but ultimately a superior life has to be lead. The first two kinds of friendship can easily be broken. Which is the maximum type of activity of the soul to attain Happiness. Focusing on a single individual doesn't guarantee unity A story does not absolutely attain unity by simply centering on a single individual. The fundamental portion of the soul is basically vegetative. Most Noticeable Aristotle Essay Topics Instead of democracy, where there's a polarized society, a polity's goal is to produce a balanced society with respect to distribution of happiness. Democracy is the new hype as we, nearly all folks who are living in the developed nations, overvalue the notion of democracy. Citizenship thus is the ability to participate. The distribution of the way the very good life is shared within society d oesn't look fair. It isn't possible to separate the activity of the plant from the authentic plant. Since something can't exist at all if it doesn't have any properties or activities in any way, prime matter doesn't exist. Whether the aim of a creature or plant is beneficial to man is irrelevant. Consider a specific plant. Aristotle Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? To get started writing your assignment you would want to run into an interesting and promising topic. An essay is made by whoever writes it, and therefore this man is the Efficient Cause. It is not the easiest task to master. Whether this essay was just a wholly random mixture of letters or words it wouldn't be an essay, it would be gibberish. Aristotle Essay Topics Explained Aristotle's financial doctrine was based on the grounds that slavery was a pure phenomenon and have to always be the basis of production. For Aristotle it's very important to know the objective of something as a way to fully grasp how to li ve ethically particularly human beings. On the flip side, the major notion of a polity has not changed much since Aristotle. One of the chief ideas of Aristotle's teachings is the notion of locating balance. On the flip side, Aristotle, among a few others, is believed to be among the very first true scientists. Aristotle had an extremely great relation with the Church. Aristotle designed his formal logic to be in a position to set the validity of an argument no matter the matter being discussed. Aristotle distinguishes 2 varieties of virtues. Aristotle Essay Topics Options You have the ability to find things from a different perspective which allows you to uncover solutions and approaches which were otherwise invisible. Show what the works have in common with regard to both shape and content, then analyze their major differences too. To begin with, let's have a little bit of background. Aristotle mentioned that Efficient cause is the principal supply of change. The aggregate of scientific knowledge cannot be subsumed under a single system of concepts because there's no such concept that could be the predicate of all of the other concepts. Approval by the right ethics committee s was obtained in any way sites. Matter and form are parts of substances, but they aren't parts that you are able to divide at any technology. Think with respect to the effect you wish to create, or the event that you want to relate, and make your selection criteria. Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-11148448773832476792020-05-15T18:37:00.001-07:002020-05-15T18:37:14.779-07:00My Spiritual Autobiography - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1283 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Autobiography Essay Did you like this example? My Spiritual Autobiography I am the only child of older parents. I was born in Plantation Florida. My mother was forty-one years old when I was born, and my father was sixty-one years old. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "My Spiritual Autobiography" essay for you Create order My mother is third generation American also being born in South Florida, where she attended public and Catholic schools. Her ancestry is fifty percent Danish and fifty percent Irish. My father was born and raised in Costa Rica. His ancestry is fifty percent from Spain and fifty percent of the indigenous people of Costa Rica, whose origins are not really known. Both of my parents were raised within the Catholic faith. I have been raised in the Catholic faith, being baptized, receiving first Holy Communion and then participating in the sacrament of Confirmation. We are a middle class working family. We are not wealthy, but we are comfortable. I have never wanted for anything. We have traveled throughout the United States extensively and I used to spend summers with my fathers family in Costa Rica. We currently do not attend mass regularly as we are on twenty-four hour duty to care for my 100 year-old grandmother. My parents take care of her out of love, but it is emotionally stressful and takes a great deal time. They have tried to prevent any impact on me as much as possible, but I am called to help sometimes. As I started this essay, I looked up the definition of spirituality. According to the Oxford online dictionary, the definition is relating to or affecting the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or physical things. Spirituality is something that will change over your lifetime. As Professor Peter Feldmeier states in his interview U.S. Catholic interview for the article What is spirituality? Building a relationship with God is a life-long process of transformation. The key is first figuring out where your heart lies,the purpose of spirituality is transformation. He also believes if you can define what is most important to you and imagine the world to be, then you on your way to figuring out your spirituality. As Buddha said, just as a candle cannot burn without fire, man cannot live without a spiritual life. Because it is always transforming, there is no beginning and no end. It is constantly changing throughout your lifetime. I believe there will be doubts about your spirituality up until the moment you draw your last breath. That may be the most critical time, and that is when your faith will come into play. What do you believe? How have you behaved based on your beliefs? Are you worthy of salvation? Is there salvation? I agree with this position. I often question my faith and my spirituality. What is important to me changes over time as I learn more about people and the world. I have come to a greater understanding that we are all interconnected as human beings and with Gods other creatures on our planet. As I learn more, my priorities change. Throughout your life, spirituality and faith will guide your behavior, so it is important to always be aware of what you believe and what your priority are so you can act in accordance with both. My current state of spirituality has been shifting greatly the past few years. I was very selfââ¬Å"centered and now I am shifting my priorities to family, friends and the community. I believe the change is the result of observing the love and care my parents give my grandmother. In addition, while completing my service hours, I have met so many other people whose situation in life is very difficult and it helped me know how blessed I really am. Often we feel sorry for ourselves, and as much as I do not like to see others suffer, it certainly changes ones perspective! As I continue my journey, I definitely need to talk to others about their spirituality. I also need to read and seek out information so as not to be afraid of any change or transformation. It is easy not to focus on spirituality or faith as by definition they are a belief that you have to somehow convince yourself at each point, it is the right priorities and faith. Then because it is always changing, you are looking for ways to connect the dots, and that is not always easy. Institutional church offers you guidance in determining priorities and explaining or justifying why those should be your priorities, what you should treasure. However, some churches can also provide mixed messages or as institution not have their priorities in the right order. I believe my relationship with God will strengthen in the future. As I mature, I seem to rely more on my faith, my spirituality and what means living a good life. I do not know if there is a heaven, but in a way to provide comfort for why we live, I would like to think there is and I will someday be there with God. If I were to sit with Pope Francis, I would challenge him to somehow reduce some of the rigidity and complexity of the church. I am not suggesting to loosen the definitions of what is sinful, or how we should behave, but rather to allow more full participation by regular people and use technology and more modern tools to communicate with the members. I would also suggest the church spend more time helping the poor, elderly, infirmed and less time on collecting and spending money. On the other hand, one of the Churchs strength is tradition. There are some traditions, like the sacraments which make us all the same, as one in Gods love. If I were ever blessed enough to sit with God, I would want to find out why as humans do we turn on each other the way we do? Why do we have instances of ethnic cleansing? Holocaust? War? Why do we do that? We each value, and when we hurt each other, we are turning our backs on what God has given us. My relationship with God in one word would be loving. I believe God loves all of us and all of creatures on the planet. As the Church teaches, all lives have value and deserve respect. This is the framework of a loving God. The color I see in God is blue. That is the color of the Virgin Mary who gave birth to Jesus. It is also a calm and peaceful color. Top Social Issues Climate change ââ¬Å" Climate change is impacting our lives every day. From sea level rise, to rising temperatures, climate change is impacting plants and animals and is threating human existence. If we do not address it soon, it will become too late.à Divided country and world due to racism and intolerance ââ¬Å" I think the world and our country is becoming more divided and we are less tolerant of one another. Racism is on the rise and people are acting out because of it. If I met God, I would want ask him to help me understand why humans act this way towards each other and how can we fix it? Hunger/Thirst ââ¬Å" Due to climate change and increased draughts, over farming, cutting of our rain forest, water is becoming scarce as are is food, crops, and animals. We also overfish our oceans and unless we find another way to get nutrition, we are threating our future. Homelessness and poverty ââ¬Å" It is hard to see someone on the street, dirty, hungry, tired and many with mental illness. We have so much wealth and technology and yet we cannot seem to solve the poverty and homeless issue. Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-85918915148559268052020-05-06T16:57:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:57:17.475-07:00Analysis of Violent Culture the Media, the Internet, and... Analysis of Violent Culture: The Media, the Internet, and Placing Blame The author, Darren Beals, did not modify my opinion on the topic of violent culture but he presented evidence from several point-of-views. The media, internet, parents, and television all could be part of the problem Beals did not choose a side he just elaborated on their involvement in the Kipland Kinkelss shooting spree. In 2004 Students age 12-18 were victims of about 88,000 violent crimes at school, compared to about 309,000 away from school, states the National Center for Educational Statistics in 2004. No one factor can be the blame for violence determined in a situation such as this. There could be a variety of contributing factors. The media can ruinâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦As long as you have a connection, you can surf the web. There are ways around parental controls so you cannot monitor your child with 100 percent success. I just discovered that 13 year olds are smarter than the parent generation states a concerned mother in an article titled Bypassing parental controls in AOL. Apparently, all the child has to do is minimize the AOL window and open up an IE browser since the controls in AOL do not apply to IE. I do not place any blame on anyone but Kipland Kinkel. True, he was only fifteen when he committed the crime but he was well aware of what he intended to do. Robin Karr-Morse and Meredith S. Wiley, in Ghosts in the Nursery, wrote the roots of violence develop in the first two years of our lives, starting at conception and no one biological or sociological factor by itself predisposes a child to violent behavior, there are multiple factors that set the stage according to Court TVs Crime Library. Everyone has there own mind, although several things affect how we think, we have do deal with the consequences of choices nevertheless blaming our choices on others when situations go bad. Works Cited Beals, Darren. Violent Culture: The Media, the Internet, and Placing Blame. Dialogues. Pages 147-150 Courtvs Crime Library. Kipland Kinkel. 11 Oct. 2005. http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/weird/kids1/kinkel_2.html?sect=3. FMS Computer Training. Bypassing Parental Controls in AOL. 11 Oct.Show MoreRelatedMedia Violence9754 Words à |à 40 Pagesgreatest of imitatorsÃ⦠The debate over media violence has eluded definitive answers for more then three decades. At first glance, the debate is dominated by one question. Whether or not media violence causes real life violence and whether or not it has a negative effect of the modern day Canadian family. Closer examination reveals a political battle. On one hand, there are those who blame media violence for societal violence and want to censor violent content to protect our children. 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Figure 1ââ¬â1 indicates the occupations with the Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-41318805724063195332020-05-05T20:19:00.001-07:002020-05-05T20:19:14.509-07:00Various Tenets Of The Accounting Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Various Tenets Of The Accounting. Answer: Introduction The present study focuses on the various tenets of the accounting standards, which are published by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (IASB). For instance, it is determined that in what manner the use of fair-value ofaccounting had led to the issue of global financial crisis (GFC) and the manner in which the intervention of the IASB can resolve the issue. It has been discussed in the study various ways through which the accounting standards of the IASB had to be modified due to the GFC. It is also determined that in what ways AASB can use the IASB standards. Accounting standards are depicted to have an impact on the global financial crisis that occurred during the year 2008. More precisely, it can be stated that the crisis mostly happened due to the use of fair-value accounting. Fair value accounting refers to the approach that involves timely revaluation of the values pertaining to assets and liabilities. It enables to explore the actual value of the assets and liabilities at the market price. For this reason, the method is also termed as market-to-market accounting. The supporters of fair value accounting thus argued, that the method enables to get insights regarding the present situation that prevails in the market (Financial Times, n.d.; Tab?r? Rusu, 2011). On the contrary, the opponents of the theory clearly explain that fair value accounting made the investors to consider inappropriate market value of the securities. This created economic turbulences such as bankruptcy that raised the issue of for the banking sector. This is due to the fact that various types of securities were present in the market were valued at an inappropriate manner due to which the investor was unable to get proper return on their investments. Low return reduced the ability of the investors to repay back their debts, as they had low income. Such instances raised the amount of bad debts of the banks (Small, 2012). The problem with fair value accounting is that during economic upswings, the tendency of the firms to adopt debt was considered as a major form of financing. Such situations can lead to losses, when the economy is in boom situations. Prices of financial assets during the crisis were mostly done with the help of fair-value accounting, as depicted from the excessive reliance on market values (Laux Leuz, 2010). Banks at the time of financial crisis had to write the value of assets at a lower price due to the prevailing situations. For mitigating away the losses, the banks had to sell their assets at low prices for surviving the issue of financial crisis. Such sale of financial assets at a significant low price is termed as asset fire. Furthermore, it was observed that the sale of assets became a source of earning revenue for the banks. It means that asset fire sale became a common phenomenon in the banking sector that further triggered the issue of economic crisis. Collapse of the Lehm an Brothers can be regarded as a standing, which was mostly due to the limitations of fair value accounting (The Economist Newspaper Limited, 2017). The IASB has played a crucial role during the event of economic crisis. It is however noted, that the board made it necessary to mark up the financial assets at the prevailing market price, which prevailed at that time (The Economist Newspaper Limited, 2017). Pertaining to cope up with the situation, the IASB issued a new standard known as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 9. This is supposed to resolve the issues that were prevalent during the economic crisis. As per IFRS, it was necessary for the business houses to record the financial losses on a timely basis, which is often observed s in case of credit. The absence of such timely recording of financial assets is responsible for triggering the financial crisis of 2008. IFRS 9 makes it necessary for the organizations to estimate all the credit losses that can arise at the time, when financial instruments such as stocks or bonds are purchased. The standard also makes it essential for the organizations to disclose th e initiatives taken for mitigating away the risks. This is especially important for the investors (PwC, 2017; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017). The standard is depicted to reduce the chances of financial crisis that prevailed in 2008. This is due to the fact that it is mentioned that the fair value of assets needs to be calculated using the profits and losses that occur at a particular period. Additionally, making estimation of the losses at a predefined manner is also supposed to reduce the chances of suffering from inappropriate income pertaining to credit risks. Thus, it can be stated that the business environment of Australia is supposed to get rid economic issues after such action of the IASB to the accounting standards (European Systematic Risk Board, 2017; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017). However, it requires proper monitoring by the regulatory bodies, so that IFRS 9 is properly followed in the Australian context. As an amendment to IAS 39, the IASB passed another accounting standard known as IFRS 13. It infact mentions about a more precise and modern way of assessing fair value. As per IAS 39, the value of asset is determined by the existing market forces that operate at a particular time. In the same manner, IFRS 13 also mentions the need for determining the market value of an asset based on the price agreed between the parties involved in transaction. Additionally, IFRS 13 makes it mandatory to consider the credit risks, which is involved while calculating the value of the assets. It enlarges the chances of exploring the actual value of the assets after calculating the bad debts, which can arise when a party is involved in entering into the business transactions. Thus, it is important for the seller or a buyer to consider his/her credit risk during the assessment of valuing the assets (Deloitte Touche, 2013). The global financial crisis is mostly depicted to be caused due to the flaws that were present in IAS 39 standard. It was not needed by the financial entities to recognize the value of assets and liabilities as per the income statements. Thus, it is depicted that IAS 39 made it necessary to calculate fair value based on the situation. Low estimation of the assets based on market situation is observed to enhance the issue of solvency. As an amendment to this, IFRS 9 makes it important to consider the value of assets based on profit and loss statement. This is supposed to reduce the chances of losses that are caused due to inappropriate calculation of the asset values. As per the standard, it was not necessary for the business entities to disclose the initiatives taken to mitigate away the risks pertaining to credit. Thus, it made the investors unaware of the risks that were associated with investing in the securities of a particular entity. Therefore, it is necessary to mention about investment strategy of the business entities in the financial accounts. The replacement of IAS 39 by IFRS 9 is supposed to take place on first of January, 2018 (European Systematic Risk Board, 2017; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2018). The Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) is observed to be cautious about the global financial crisis that took place in the year 2008. It resorted to revise the proposals of accounting standards that were previously maintained by the board. AASB made changes on the reporting of leasing, revenue recognition and insurance that were used by the business entities. It is also observed AASB has followed a proper mechanism to adhere to the standards mentioned by IFRS. It has tracked the amendments made by the IFRS on the aspects of leasing (Australian Accounting Standards Board, 2010). The IFRS 13 standards, which have been adopted by IASB, are applicable to Australia. AASB mentions about the fact that aligning with IFRS 13, it is important to take into account the costs of freight while calculating the value of an asset. Thus, adoption of IFRS 13 can be regarded as an initiative to bring convergence between IASB and AASB (EY, 2012). AASB has also proposed usage of the IFRS 9 perta ining to determination of fair values during the preparation of financial statements. The adoptions of standards, which are prescribed by IFRS, are useful for the analysts and researchers. This is because relevant information gets disclosed in the financial statements (Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017a; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017). Conclusion The above discussion clearly reveals that the global financial crisis, which occurred in the recent year of 2008, was primarily due to the prevalence of fair accounting theory. It reflects the need of considering the value of an asset or liability at the prevailing market price. Thus, problem is that at certain times, the value can be inappropriate due to use of fair value accounting. It is observed that during the global financial crisis, the banks had to face the issue off solvency as assets were valued at low rate by means of fair value theory. The standards IFRS 13 and IFRS 9 provide solution to the issue of financial crisis. References Australian Accounting Standards Board. (2010). Australian accounting standards board, 2010. File, 1-134. Deloitte Global Services Limited. (2017). IFRS 9 financial instruments. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://www.iasplus.com/en-us/standards/international/ifrs-en-us/ifrs9 Deloitte Global Services Limited. (2017 a). Research into the impact of IFRS adoption in Australia. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://www.iasplus.com/en/news/2016/03/aasb Deloitte Global Services Limited. (2018). IFRS 9 financial instruments. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://www.iasplus.com/en-us/standards/international/ifrs-en-us/ifrs9 Deloitte Touche. (2013). Fair value measurement of financial instruments under IFRS 13. IASB, 1-8. European Systematic Risk Board. (2017). Financial stability implications of IFRS 9. Pub, 1-83.(2012). Fair value measurement. Publications, 1-197. Financial Times. (n.d.). Definition of fair value accounting. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=fair-value-accounting Laux, C. Leuz, C. (2010). Did fair-value accounting contribute to the financial crisis? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(1), 93-118. PwC. (2017). Practical guide general hedge accounting. Practical Guide, 1-28. Small, C. (2012). The role of accounting in the financial crisis. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2012/03/02/the-role-of-accounting-in-the-financial-crisis/ Tabara, N. Rusu, A. (2011). The role of accounting in the global financial crisis. Assumptions and realities. EuroEconomica, 30(3), 1-7. The Economist Newspaper Limited 2017, Alls fair. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://www.economist.com/node/12274096 Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-68706344959184206902020-04-14T15:15:00.001-07:002020-04-14T15:15:02.961-07:00Nuclear Power Essays (1719 words) - Hazardous Waste, Radioactivity Nuclear Power Radioactive wastes, must for the protection of mankind be stored or disposed in such a manner that isolation from the biosphere is assured until they have decayed to innocuous levels. If this is not done, the world could face severe physical problems to living species living on this planet. Some atoms can disintegrate spontaneously. As they do, they emit ionizing radiation. Atoms having this property are called radioactive. By far the greatest number of uses for radioactivity in Canada relate not to the fission, but to the decay of radioactive materials - radioisotopes. These are unstable atoms that emit energy for a period of time that varies with the isotope. During this active period, while the atoms are 'decaying' to a stable state their energies can be used according to the kind of energy they emit. Since the mid 1900's radioactive wastes have been stored in different manners, but since several years new ways of disposing and storing these wastes have been developed so they may no longer be harmful. A very advantageous way of storing radioactive wastes is by a process called 'vitrification'. Vitrification is a semi-continuous process that enables the following operations to be carried out with the same equipment: evaporation of the waste solution mixed with the ------------------------------------------------------------ 1) borosilicate: any of several salts derived from both boric acid and silicic acid and found in certain minerals such as tourmaline. additives necesary for the production of borosilicate glass, calcination and elaboration of the glass. These operations are carried out in a metallic pot that is heated in an induction furnace. The vitrification of one load of wastes comprises of the following stages. The first step is 'Feeding'. In this step the vitrification receives a constant flow of mixture of wastes and of additives until it is 80% full of calcine. The feeding rate and heating power are adjusted so that an aqueous phase of several litres is permanently maintained at the surface of the pot. The second step is the 'Calcination and glass evaporation'. In this step when the pot is practically full of calcine, the temperature is progressively increased up to 1100 to 1500 C and then is maintained for several hours so to allow the glass to elaborate. The third step is 'Glass casting'. The glass is cast in a special container. The heating of the output of the vitrification pot causes the glass plug to melt, thus allowing the glass to flow into containers which are then transferred into the storage. Although part of the waste is transformed into a solid product there is still treatment of gaseous and liquid wastes. The gases that escape from the pot during feeding and calcination are collected and sent to ruthenium filters, condensers and scrubbing columns. The ruthenium consists of ------------------------------------------------------------ 2) condensacate: product of condensation. glass pellets coated with ferrous oxide and maintained at a temperature of 500 C. In the treatment of liquid wastes, the condensates collected contain about 15% ruthenium. This is then concentrated in an evaporator where nitric acid is destroyed by formaldehyde so as to maintain low acidity. The concentration is then neutralized and enters the vitrification pot. Once the vitrification process is finished, the containers are stored in a storage pit. This pit has been designed so that the number of containers that may be stored is equivalent to nine years of production. Powerful ventilators provide air circulation to cool down glass. The glass produced has the advantage of being stored as solid rather than liquid. The advantages of the solids are that they have almost complete insolubility, chemical inertias, absence of volatile products and good radiation resistance. The ruthenium that escapes is absorbed by a filter. The amount of ruthenium likely to be released into the environment is minimal. Another method that is being used today to get rid of radioactive waste is the 'placement and self processing radioactive wastes in deep underground cavities'. This is the disposing of toxic wastes by incorporating them into molten silicate rock, with low permeability. By this method, liquid wastes are injected into a deep underground cavity with mineral treatment and allowed to self-boil. The resulting steam is processed at ground level and recycled in a closed system. When waste addition is terminated, the chimney is allowed to boil dry. The heat generated by the radioactive wastes then melts the surrounding rock, thus dissolving the wastes. When waste and water addition stop, the cavity temperature would rise to the melting point of the rock. As the molten rock mass increases in size, so does the surface area. This Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-856467829080780492020-03-12T03:44:00.001-07:002020-03-12T03:44:03.047-07:00Pðul Krugmðns Fþr RichõrPà °ul Krugmà °ns Fà ¾r Richà µr Free Online Research Papers Th? study ?f th? p?litic?l ?c?n?my ?f ?m?ric? in th? r?c?nt yrs h?s br?ught ?b?ut c?ntr?dict?ry inf?r?nc?s, h?w?v?r ? c?mm?n thrd th?t wv?s thr?ugh th? p?litic?l ?c?n?mics lit?r?tur? is th?t th? rich ?r? g?tting rich?r f?st?r th?n th? pr ?r? g?tting rich?r. P?ul Krugm?n, pr?f?ss?r ?f ?c?n?mics ?t th? Univ?rsity ?f Princ?t?n ?nd th? m?st c?ntr?v?rsi?l p?litic?l ?c?n?mist in ?m?ric? during th?s? yrs, h?s ?ddr?ss?d this hyp?th?sis in ? h?st ?f ?rticl?s in his m?ny bks, n?wsp?p?r ?nd m?g?zin? ?rticl?s ?t ?l. In F?r Rich?r, th? first ?ss?y in ? N?w Y?rk Tim?s s?ri?s ?n cl?ss ?nd cl?ss w?rs in th? Unit?d St?t?s, P?ul Krugm?n invit?s th? rd?rââ¬â¢s ?tt?nti?n t? issu?s th?t th? lib?rt?ri?n ?c?n?mists ?ft?n ign?r? ?r f?il t? r?c?gniz? in th?ir disc?urs?s. H? pr?cl?ims th? dis?ppr?nc? ?f th? middl? cl?ss, illustr?t?s th? incrsing pr?bl?ms ?f inc?m? in?qu?lity ?nd plut?cr?cy, ?nd ?x?min?s th? ?ff?rts by ?c?n?mists ?s w?ll ?s g?v?rnm?nt instituti?ns t? c?ncl cl?ss c?mp?siti?n using st?tistic?l d?t?. Th? shifting p?r?digms ?f c?rp?r?t? ?x?cutiv? ?thics ?nd influ?nc? is y?t ?n?th?r t?pic discuss?d in th? ?ss?y. (Krugm?n, 2002) Whil? Krugm?nââ¬â¢s s?urc?s m?y b? limit?d ?nd ?v?n d?b?t?d, it p?ints t? c?rt?in ?ss?nti?l ?nd cruci?l s?ci?-p?litic?l ?nd ?c?n?mic issu?s pl?guing th? ?m?ric?n s?ci?ty. Th?t th? ?m?ric?ns ?r? pr?s?ntly living in ? n?w Gild?d ?g?, which is ?s ?xtr?v?g?nt ?s th? ?rigin?l, but with ? g?p b?twn th? v?ry rich ?nd th? r?st wid?ning f?st?r th?n ?v?r. Wh?t?v?r b? th? ?ll?g?ti?ns ?n P?ul Krugm?n, it is imp?rt?nt th?t th? issu?s ?r? ?ddr?ss?d ?nd ?ppr?pri?t? msur?s id?ntifi?d f?r th? citiz?ns ?nd g?v?rnm?nt t? ch?ng? th? difficult st?t? ?f things. Krugm?nââ¬â¢s ?n?lysis ?nd ?d?m Smithââ¬â¢s C?nc?pts ?f S?lf-int?r?st ?nd ââ¬Å" Invisibl? H?ndâ⬠?s Krugm?nââ¬â¢s ?bs?rv?ti?ns ?r? ?ss?nti?lly f?cus?d ?n th? individu?lââ¬â¢s grd ?nd s?lf-int?r?st in th? c?pit?list s?ci?ty th?t ?m?ric? is, it w?uld b? w?rthwhil? t? r?l?t? th?s? ?bs?rv?ti?ns with th?s? ?f ?d?m Smith, th? 18th c?ntury phil?s?ph?r ?c?n?mist wh? wr?t? Th? Wlth ?f N?ti?ns, ? t?ur d? f?rc? ?n th? thry ?f c?pit?lism intr?ducing th? c?nc?pt ?f th? ââ¬Å"invisibl? h?ndâ⬠th?t lds c?pit?list s?ci?ti?s t? ?c?n?mic ?ffici?ncy. Whil? ?d?m Smith b?li?v?d grtly in th? intrinsic w?rth ?f th? c?pit?lism ?nd s?-c?ll?d ââ¬Å"invisibl? h?ndâ⬠?f th? m?rk?t, h? c?uld f?r?s th? s?lf-int?r?st?d b?h?vi?r ?f busin?ssm?n. ?cc?rding t? Smith, m?ximizing s?lf-int?r?st w?s ? ââ¬Ër?ti?n?lââ¬â¢ b?h?vi?r in ?c?n?mics. His ?ft?n qu?t?d ?bs?rv?ti?n fr?m Th? Wlth ?f N?ti?ns : ââ¬Ëppl? ?f th? s?m? tr?d? s?ld?m mt t?g?th?r, ?v?n f?r m?rrim?nt ?nd div?rsi?n, but th? c?nv?rs?ti?n ?nds in ? c?nspir?cy ?g?inst th? public, ?r in s?m? c?ntriv?nc? t? r?is? pric?sââ¬â¢ ââ¬â imply th?t th? busin?ssm?n ?r? ?lw?ys c?nc?rn?d ?f m?king th?ms?lv?s rich?r, ?v?n if its by h?rming th?ir f?ll?w citiz?ns ?nd th?ir n?ti?n. P?ul Krugm?nââ¬â¢s ?bs?rv?ti?n ?n c?rp?r?t? ?x?cutiv? ?thics ?nd th? st?tistic?l d?t? th?t h? pr?s?nts ?n th? c?nc?ntr?ti?n ?f wlth in ? f?w h?nds in ââ¬Å" F?r Rich?râ⬠f?lls in lin? with ?d?m Smithââ¬â¢s d?scripti?n ?f th? c?pit?list syst?m, which is ?ss?nti?lly pr?p?ll?d by th? s?lf-int?r?st?d b?h?vi?r ?f th? busin?ssm?n. H?w?v?r, ? m?in ?rgum?nt in Th? Wlth ?f N?ti?ns is th?t th? fr c?pit?list m?rk?t, th?ugh smingly chtic ?nd unc?ntr?ll?d, is in rlity str?d t? pr?duc? th? right qu?ntity ?nd r?ng? ?f gds by ? s?-c?ll?d ââ¬Å"invisibl? h?nd.â⬠?cc?rding t? his thry, in th? ?v?nt ?f ? pr?duct sh?rt?g?, its pric? ris?s, which crt?s th? m?tiv?ti?n f?r its incrs?d pr?ducti?n, thus curing th? sh?rt?g? ultim?t?ly. Th? ââ¬Ëinvisibl? h?ndââ¬â¢ n?t ?nly guid?s pr?ducti?n, but ?ls? guid?s th? pric? ?f th? pr?duct in ? c?mp?titiv? c?pit?list syst?m. Th? incrs?d c?mp?titi?n ?m?ng m?nuf?ctur?rs ?nd th? incrs?d supply w?uld ?v?ntu?lly l?w?r th? pric? ?f th? pr?duct t? its pr?ducti?n c?st, which h? t?rm?d th? ââ¬Å"n?tur?l pric?.â⬠N?n?th?l?ss, Smith w?s c?uti?us ?f th? s?lf-int?r?st ?f busin?ssm?n ?nd insist?d ?g?inst th? f?rm?ti?n ?f m?n?p?li?s. Smith h?ld th?t whil? hum?n m?tiv?s ?r? ?ft?n s?lfish ?nd grdy, th? c?mp?titi?n in th? fr m?rk?t w?uld t?nd t? b?n?fit s?ci?ty ?s ? wh?l? ?nyw?y. Krugm?nââ¬â¢s ?n?lysis ?nd D? T?cqu?vill?ââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËS?lf-Int?r?st Pr?p?rly Und?rstdââ¬â¢ ?l?xis d? T?cqu?vill? in his bk D?m?cr?cy in ?m?ric? ?ls? ?ddr?ss?d th? issu? ?f s?lf-int?r?st ?f ?m?ric?ns. H?w?v?r Krugm?nââ¬â¢s ?bs?rv?ti?ns diff?r signific?ntly fr?m T?cqu?vill?ââ¬â¢s c?nc?pt ?f ââ¬Ës?lf int?r?st pr?p?rly und?rstd. T?cqu?vill? d?scrib?d ?m?ric? ?s ? c?mmunity ?f gd S?m?rit?ns, with ppl? p?rsist?ntly h?lping ?n? ?n?th?r. H? ?xpl?ins h?w ?m?ric?ns h?d ?n inn?t? gr?sp ?f th? c?nc?pt ?f ?nlight?n?d s?lf-int?r?st: ââ¬Å"Th? ?m?ric?ns ?nj?y ?xpl?ining ?lm?st ?v?ry ?ct ?f th?ir liv?s ?n th? principl? ?f s?lf-int?r?st pr?p?rly und?rstd.â⬠H? c?ntinu?s t? s?y ââ¬Å"?nlight?n?d s?lf-l?v? c?ntinu?lly lds th?m t? h?lp ?n? ?n?th?r ?nd inclin?s th?m t? d?v?t? frly ? p?rt ?f th?ir tim? ?nd wlthy t? th? w?lf?r? ?f th? st?t?.â⬠(T?cqu?vill?, 1840; pg. 611) T?cqu?vill?ââ¬â¢s principl? ?f s?lf-int?r?st pr?p?rly und?rstd sms t? b? in lin? with th? pr?-1970s ?m?ric? pr?s?nt?d by Krugm?n; itââ¬â¢s h?rd t? ?ss?ci?t? th? s?lf ââ¬âint?r?st ?f m?d?rn c?rp?r?t? ?x?cutiv?s r?p?rt?d by Krugm?n with T?cqu?vill?ââ¬â¢s c?nc?pt ?f s?lf int?r?st. Krugm?nââ¬â¢s ?bs?rv?ti?ns sms in lin? with th?t ?f ?d?m Smith, in th?t h? ?ttribut?s th? ?c?n?mic ?chi?v?m?nts ?f th? Unit?d St?t?s t? th? c?nc?ntr?ti?n ?f inc?m? ?t th? t?p, typic?l ?f fr m?rk?t syst?m, h?w?v?r his hyp?th?s?s gs b?y?nd th? ââ¬Å"invisibl? h?ndsâ⬠?f th? m?rk?t th?t Smith c?nsid?r?d w?uld b?n?fit th? s?ci?ty. Krugm?n c?nsid?rs th? c?nc?ntr?ti?n ?f wlth ?n th? t?p ?s th? m?in rs?n th?t th? Unit?d St?t?s h?s m?r? p?v?rty ?nd l?w?r lif? ?xp?ct?ncy th?n ?ny ?th?r m?j?r ?dv?nc?d n?ti?n. Th?ugh h? c?nsid?rs th? hyp?th?sis ?f th? ?ff?cts ?f ââ¬Å"gl?b?liz?ti?nâ⬠, ââ¬Å"skill-bi?s?d t?chn?l?gic?l ch?ng?,â⬠?nd ââ¬Å"sup?rst?râ⬠thry, h? c?nclud?s th?t ?xpl?n?ti?ns f?r th? gr?wing in?qu?liti?s ultim?t?ly t? th? ââ¬Å"r?l? ?f s?ci?l n?rms in s?tting limits t? in?qu?lity.â⬠(Krugm?n, 2002) P?ul Krugm?nââ¬â¢s vi?ws in ? w?y c?nfirm ?d?m Smithââ¬â¢s c?uti?n ?f th? grd ?f th? busin?ssm?n, h?w?v?r h? f?ils t? id?ntify th? invisibl? h?nd th?t w?uld guid? th? s?lf-int?r?st t?w?rds th? b?n?fit ?f th? s?ci?ty. Whil? h? ?ss?nti?lly sms t? ?gr with ?d?m Smithââ¬â¢s n?ti?n th?t individu?lââ¬â¢s s?lf int?r?st might indir?ctly pr?m?t? th? int?r?st ?f th? s?ci?ty, h? sugg?sts th? pr?lif?r?ti?n ?f gl?b?l tr?d? ?nd gl?b?liz?ti?n ?f busin?ss, th? ?m?rg?nc? ?f th? n?w ?c?n?my c?upl?d with th? ?bs?nc? ?f s?ci?l n?rms h?v? incrsing sid?lin?d th? ââ¬Ëinvisibl? h?ndââ¬â¢. Krugm?nââ¬â¢s ?ss?y ?ss?nti?lly p?int t? th? nd f?r g?v?rnm?nt?l c?ntr?l by crting ?ff?ctiv? l?ws ?nd th? r?instituti?n ?f ?thic?l n?rms in th? c?rp?r?t? w?rld, s? th?t ?d?m Smithââ¬â¢s m?gic?l ââ¬Å"invisibl? h?ndâ⬠will guid? busin?ss?s in th? right dir?cti?n. Th?n c?rp?r?ti?ns ?nd ?x?cutiv?s , whil? trying t? m?k? th?ms?lv?s rich?r, will finish up d?ing things th?t ?r? gd f?r th? wh?l? s?ci ?ty. Research Papers on Pà °ul Krugmà °nââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Fà ¾r Richà µrâ⬠19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraLifes What IfsStandardized TestingComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductQuebec and CanadaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeTwilight of the UAWThe Project Managment Office SystemDefinition of Export Quotas Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-35083293670493705882020-02-24T18:08:00.001-08:002020-02-24T18:08:03.858-08:00Strategic Mangement Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsStrategic Mangement Case Study - Essay Example This analysis is useful, because it helps to understand both the strength of current competitive position, and the strength of a position the company is looking to move into. At the early maturity of the industry's lifecycle, the number of new entrants into the smaller production end of the industry continued to grow. However, concentration was occurring among the medium and large players as a result of both local acquisitions and acquisitions by overseas purchasers. The newer producing countries, such as Chile, are perceived to be the bigger threat due to rapid advancements in production quality. The demand for the wine in the domestic market and in the international market was growing since the establishment of the company. We can see that from the fact that in 1998 from 120 tonnes of grapes crushed and less than 1 per cent export volume to 670 tonnes crushed in 1999 and greater than 49 per cent export volume, growth was achieved with minimal comparable overheads and infrastructure. The export figures testify that the growth of the buyer power is increasing over the time. Coopers Creek's own branded product was the winery's focus and, in 2000, it was anticipated that it would sell more in the USA than in the UK. The owner of the winery was concentrating on the development of a small number of markets and selling a broad range of higher margin wines in the on-premise segment. This focus allowed the company to reach consumers willing to pay more expensive prices as New Zealand wines became a permanent category on restaurant wine lists. Supplier power This factor defines the ability of a supplier to control the cost and supply of the inputs in the market. With the management of the quantity and quality of the grape supply proving to be a critical resource issue within the New Zealand industry, investment in plantings are important for the industry as a whole. In order to be successful and sustain profitability in the market, wineries are obligied to reduce costs of production by investing extensively in their own vineyard plantings. Over supply of the wine that takes place in the industry when the harvest is better than previewed, leads to production of lower-cost wines, either by growers forming a cooperative to utilise the excess grapes and produce their own wine or by wineries focusing on low-cost competition. It is anticipated that a low-cost competitor would affect the export market more than the domestic markets. Major decisions in the production of the wine are made at the supply stage and sometimes this involves the buying of bulk wine from other New Zealand producers to keep supplies going. For example, Tesco's in the UK wanted to do a summer price promotion in 1997 on a New Zealand wine. When one of the larger New Zealand wineries failed to respond, Coopers Creek took up the challenge, although it did not have all the wine to meet Tesco's requirements. The Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-12501118459309806792020-02-08T10:56:00.001-08:002020-02-08T10:56:02.277-08:00The JFK Assassination Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsThe JFK Assassination - Assignment Example Through a mutual acquaintance, I came to know (before embarking upon this report) a Radiologist by the name of Dr. Michael Rollins. Prior to conducting the interview with him, I already thought that he would be an excellent candidate based upon what I already knew of him. He grew up in the sixties, was on the draft list to go to Vietnam, and paid his way through medical school by joining the United States Army. He is today a successful, practicing doctor who lives in San Diego, California. After obtaining his consent via email, I conducted the interview with him on the telephone. ââ¬Å"The first word came over the television airwaves at 1:40 P.M. EST when CBS News anchorman Walter Cronkite broke into As the World Turns with an audio announcement over a bulletin slide: ââ¬Å"In Dallas, Texas, three shots were fired at President Kennedyââ¬â¢s motorcade in downtown Dallas. The first reports say that President Kennedy has been seriously wounded by this shooting.â⬠(Doherty 2010) People everywhere are reported to have been in shock. Women were crying the streets, traffic intersections were backed up, and people in some instances came out of their homes out into the street looking dazed. à Dr. Rollins remembers too well the events of that day.à He was living then in the same city where he lives now: San Diego.à Today he is almost 59 years old.à In November of 1963 he was only 11 years old.à As a young boy, he attended a private Catholic school where he was enrolled in the seventh grade (he skipped a grade because he was more advanced than his peers). Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-15729784802697735872020-01-29T19:47:00.001-08:002020-01-29T19:47:03.630-08:00Sex Difference in Evolutionary Psychology Essay Example for Free Sex Difference in Evolutionary Psychology Essay Disclosing human behaviour has initiated study and research from a capacious range of disciplines, effectuating varied perspectives on human behaviour. Essentialist or social constructionist perspective has been considered by psychologists to examine the origin of sex differences (Anselmi Law, 1998). Essentialism articulates that sex differences commence from inducements that are intrinsic in human beings, and present itself as an alternative meta-theory to conventional sociology. The discrepancy in sex differences across social contexts is considered by social constructionist view-point, understood by the interpretation of the sexes amidst specific contexts. Highly contrasting theories emanate when apprehending factors responsible for human sex-linked behaviour, thus making it strenuous to critic the factors that essentially manipulate and manage behaviour (Jureidini Poole 2000). Hence, the current essay provides a cogent explanatory framework for understanding the causation of sex differences, anchored primarily from evolutionary psychology, with criticisms reported against its concepts on sex differences. Sexuality is sexual behaviour, epitomized as the inherent behavioural predispositions, augmenting the probability of passing genes into future progeny (Buss, 1989). Human mate selection has generated a substantial degree of research, instilling a pronounce degree of sexual differentiation between the characteristics that men and women desire in potential mates (Buss, 1989; Buss Barnes, 1986). The division of labour (Durkheim, 1964) observed men inclined to be stereotyped and envisaged as bread winners, with the role of child carers and nurturers stereotyped as women, patriarchy acknowledged as the custom with aggressive nature expected from men, and nurturing and passive nature expected from women (Jureidini Poole, 2001). Males endeavoured to reproduce and desired the need to be paternal, and have evolved high risk high stakes game strategy to attract mates (Miller, 2000). Women are impulsively attracted to males with the ability to protect and provide for her and her children (Zajdow, 2002). Bussââ¬â¢s (Buss et al., 1990) remarkable cross- cultural study found that males are inclined to yield mates with physical attractiveness and youth, while women desire mates with more financial power. Evolutionary psychologists, however, have dedicated little attention to the synergy between the social and cultural environment quality. Social structural perspectives theorize the motive of mate selection mirror peoples effort to make the most of their utilities with respect to mating choices. Marriage is typified as functioning between utility-amplifying women and men to reach stability with economic exchanges (Becker, 1976), implying that differences in mate selection are accountable due to lucid economic arrangements than from the perspective of inherited predispositions (Tattersall, 1998). Eagly and Wood (1999), criticizing the evolutionary perspective, concluded that mate preferences are shaped by the society in which we live today, and conflicting assignment of role portrayed due to sexual division of labor. Potential accounts for these unlike views include the circumstance of each psychologist. Buss, a male evolutionary psychologist, grew up with an influential background in beliefs that behaviour is a result of how one adapts to their environment. Eagly and Wood elucidate the results contradictorily possibly because they are both females who credit strongly in equality for all, and therefore observe the differences in preferences as a consequence of the principles of todayââ¬â¢s society; a key example being the preferred age of females at marriage, affected by a more career-oriented female than in earlier times. The concept that sexuality is learned is notably provided by sociologists. Studies amid animal primates exhibit abnormal sexual behaviour upon segregation of young apes from monitoring sexual behaviour. Subsequently, the affected ape will acquire sexual behaviour to relatively normal level upon remedial socialisation (the ability to inspect sexuality of other) (Jureidini Poole 2001). In cultures such as the ââ¬ËMehinakuââ¬â¢ of Brazil, the men engage in limited sexual activity due to the conception of sexual activity as disgusting (Gregor, 1985). Sociologists have discovered that attractive features vary across cultures (Jureidini Poole 2002). Deviations from the Darwinian Theory have been observed in modern western culture, with the contemporary media depicting thin and lean body types of women body structures as appealing (Vida 1996). Gender differences in aggression are eminently variable. From an evolutionaryà viewpoint, aggression can be suitable in a number of situations, for animals (Archer, 1988), and human beings (Buss Shackelford, 1997). The utility of aggression was to assign individuals over their accessible home range so as to secure the most advantageous utilization of a region and its nutrients (Lorenz, 1966). Such a functional perspective on aggression has been abdicated, with modern consensus that neither humans nor other animals are furnished with the aggressive instinct, and contemplated to be context-dependent (Buss Shackelford, 1997). With variations in society, the occurrence of aggression between males and females may alter. Increased use of direct and physical means of aggression among girls, have shown to occur in the last decade (Huesmann et al. 1998). One probable account is, perplexingly, the progress of the dignity of women in society. Human memory evolved because it enhanced fitness in specific environments of evolutionary adaptedness (Tooby Cosmides, 1992), receptive to subject relevant to evolutionary ï ¬ tness. Words reckoned for survival relevance in scenarios were subsequently retained at notably higher rates than words rated for relevance in a range of control scenario conditions (Nairne Pandeirada, 2008). Sex differences in spatial abilities may possibly have an evolutionary basis, with suggested that the division of labor consistently detected in hunter-gatherer societies may have led to remarkable foraging-related cognitive specializations of the sexes (Sherry et al, 1992; Silverman Eals, 1992). Men typically surpass women on tasks considered to be related to hunting skills (e.g., navigation), while women typically show a lead on tasks requiring memory for objects accumulated in fixed locales (Voyer et al., 2007). Males are inclined to excel in tests of mathematical reasoning than females (Kimura, 19 99). Although mathematical abilities may not have primary selective demands in the evolutionary past, that ability may be a by-product of spatial ability (Geary, 1996). The current essay explained certain concepts of sex differences chiefly from the perception of evolutionary psychology. Some limitations exposed in some arguments, for example the inference on aggressive behaviour in modern times cannot be satisfactory annotated by social constructionist views, while evolutionary views are more credible. As social beings, our surroundings andà cultures will play a crucial role when flourishing our identity, whether this affects us biologically when evolving. Hence it is vital to incur comprehensions from many perspectives and deem the supremacy of evolution, the quagmire of social constructions and the impact of environment when determining sex differences in human beings. Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-42583487467443116752020-01-21T16:11:00.001-08:002020-01-21T16:11:02.953-08:00Racial Barriers in Grace Paleys Short Story Samuel Essay -- Grace PalRacial Barriers in Grace Paley's Short Story Samuel It is hard to distinguish the difference between which race is more important. One might ask themselves if white is superior over colored skin. There have been numerous struggles and much success in the fight towards equality between the races. Although many large steps have been made, there are still existing racial barriers. One particular struggle is whether or not people of different races should interact with each other. Should Caucasian adults interact with young children of color? A question that becomes especially critical when children are putting themselves in potentially dangerous situations. This moral debate is portrayed in Grace Paley's short story, "Samuel." The same conflict haunts both men and women, but is portrayed as two completely different groups. The narrator is selective omniscient and allows the men's and women's feelings to be expressed when presented with the same racial issue such as portrayed in "Samuel." This also allows the reader to observe how each sex responds to the issue. Grace Paley writes, "The men and women in the cars on either side watch the young boys playing on the platform. They do not like them to jiggle or jump but don't want to interfere" (191). This shows that both men and women did not like what the boys were doing outside on the platform, and each deals with it in very different ways. The men in the subway cars make no effort to break through the barriers. They take no initiative to interact and stop the boys from the risky situation the put themselves in. The men seem to excuse themselves and the boys' actions by reminiscing their boyhood and all the brave adventures they had in their lives. Instead of ... ... He becomes the symbol of hope that the Caucasian adults are willing to break down the barriers separating them from the African American children. When the other men just stood there daydreaming, this "citizenly" (192) man struck the first blow that could break down the racial wall. But because of this single action, one of the boys (Samuel) falls off the platform and dies. I believe that if we stand together to fight the battles and the struggles of our society today it would only make us stronger. One individual cannot make a difference. The one blow of the "citizenly" (192) man is nothing, but many blows that are consistent and strong will break down the wall of inequality. Bibliography: Paley, Grace. "Samuel." Literature for Composition: Essay, Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 5th ed. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: Longman, 2001. 190-192 Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-36671766815456208402020-01-13T12:34:00.001-08:002020-01-13T12:34:04.329-08:00HemmingwayAmerican Novel 8/04/2013 Q) Hemmingwayââ¬â¢s depiction of the condition of man in a society that has been upset by the violence of war, in light of ââ¬Å"The Sun also Risesâ⬠and ââ¬Å"A Farewell to Armsâ⬠. No American writer is more associated with writing about war in the early 20th century than Ernest Hemingway. He experienced it first hand, wrote dispatches from innumerable frontlines, and used war as a backdrop for many of his most memorable works. Commenting on these experience years later inà Men at War,à Hemingway wrote: ââ¬Å"When you go to war as a boy you have a great illusion of immortality.Other people get killed; not you. . . . Then when you are badly wounded the first time you lose that illusion and you know it can happen to you. After being severely wounded two weeks before my nineteenth birthday I had a bad time until I figured out that nothing could happen to me that had not happened to all men before me. Whatever I had to do men had always done. If they had done it then I could do it too and the best thing was not to worry about it. Many persons whose outward lives do not in the least resemble that of a typical ââ¬ËHemingwayââ¬â¢s characterââ¬â¢ are still conscious of the dislocation due to war, and of which he has made himself the outstanding fictional spokesmen of our time. Hemingwayââ¬â¢s characters are soldiers, sportsman, Prize fighter and his world of fiction swarm with ferrets, drunkards and prostitutes. He is greatly pre-occupied with death and violence. ââ¬ËA Farewell to Armsââ¬â¢ shows Hemingwayââ¬â¢s ability to create life like character, both male and female, in such a way as to make us feel that we have actually met them.The First World War plays an important role in the novels of Ernest Hemingway. He has depicted all real war experience in his novel. The war led up to a deep distrust of all established institutions and values religions, ideals, society, patriotisms etc. Only concrete expe riences were valued. Thus, Hemingway emphasized the sense and the experience based on them. The Sun also Rises is one of his such novels. It is a story of a few American expatriates who were living in Paris after the War. There were all wounded either physically or psychologically by the war. I got hurt in the war,â⬠I said. ââ¬Å"Oh, that dirty war. â⬠We would probably have gone on and discussed the war and agreed that it was in reality a calamity for civilization, and perhaps would have been better avoided. I was bored enough. Just then from the other room someone called: ââ¬Å"Barnes! I say Barnes! Jacob Barnes! â⬠(3. 9)| The banal discussion of the war that Jake and Georgette narrowly escape is one thatââ¬â¢s unsatisfactory and not comprehensive. We get the feeling that thereââ¬â¢s a lot more to be said about the war, but nobody knows how to communicate it yet. ââ¬Å"My dear, I am sure Mr.Barnes has seen a lot. Donââ¬â¢t think I donââ¬â¢t think so , sir. I have seen a lot, too. â⬠à ââ¬Å"Of course you have, my dear,â⬠Brett said. ââ¬Å"I was only ragging. â⬠ââ¬Å"I have been in seven wars and four revolutions,â⬠the count said. ââ¬Å"Soldiering? â⬠Brett asked. ââ¬Å"Sometimes, my dear. And I have got arrow wounds. Have you ever seen arrow wounds? â⬠(7. 18)| The countââ¬â¢s definition of ââ¬Å"seen a lotâ⬠is associated with war ââ¬â as though war is the only real experience a man can have. The old pre-war values cannot give them the direction that they are looking for and in this lost world they are all lost souls.They drink heavily to quieten their inner distressed voices. Jake Barnes is a casualty of the First World War. He has been made impotent due to his injury and thus is now ââ¬Ëhalf the man than he was before. ââ¬â¢ His physical impairment has made it impossible for him to consummate his love and thus this becomes the tragedy of his love for Brett Ashley. Alt hough there is no mention of it in the novel directly, it has been implied in certain scenes. As Brett is not willing to settle for less, Jake is drowned in the ocean of unrequited love.Thus, Jake then becomes a tragic hero, one of the most praised heroes of Hemingwayââ¬â¢s books. We see that the war has taken away his masculinity from him leaving him incomplete for life. As Jakeââ¬â¢s war doctor remarks on his loss, ââ¬Å"He has given much more than his life. â⬠As the title of the novel makes clear,à A Farewell to Armsà concerns itself primarily with war, namely the process by which Frederic Henry removes himself from it and leaves it behind. The few characters in the novel who actually support the effortââ¬âEttore Moretti and Ginoââ¬âcome across as a dull raggart and a naive youth, respectively. The majority of the characters remain ambivalent about the war, resentful of the terrible destruction it causes, doubtful of the glory it supposedly brings. The no vel offers masterful descriptions of the conflicts senseless brutality and violent chaos. The scene of the Italian armyââ¬â¢s retreat remains one of the most profound evocations of War in American Literature. As the neat columns of men begin to crumble so does the soldierââ¬â¢s nerves, minds, and capacity for rational thought and moral judgement.Henryââ¬â¢s shooting of the engineer for refusing to help free the car from the mud shocks the reader for two reasons, first, the violent outburst seems at odds with Henryââ¬â¢s detached character, and secondly, the incident occurs in a setting that robs it of its moral import, the complicity of Henryââ¬â¢s fellow soldiers legitimizes the killing. The murder of the engineer seems justifiable because it is an inevitable by-product of the spiralling violence and disorder of the War.I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. There were many words that you could not stand to hear and finally only the names of places had dignity. Certain numbers were the same way and certain dates and these with the names of the places were all you could say and have them mean anything. Abstract words such as glory, honour, courage, or hallow were obscene beside the concrete names of villages, the numbers of roads, the names of rivers, the numbers of regiments and the dates.To Henry, such abstractions as honour, glory, and sacrifice do little to explain or assuage the unbelievable destruction that he sees around him. What matters, he decides, are the names of villages and soldiers, the concrete facts of decimated walls and dead bodies. He believes that in order to discuss the war honestly, one must dismiss artificial concepts and deal with terms grounded in the reality of the war. He tarnishes the romanticized ideal of the military hero by equating the ââ¬Å"sacrificesâ⬠of human liv es in war with the slaughter of livestock.He further compares romantic riffs about honor and glory to burying meat in the ground. Nothing can be sustained or nurtured by such pointlessness. Hemingway believed that in this corrupt world it is no longer possible to have a decent, self-respecting and dignified life. It is the end of love, end of human dignity, end of personal relationships and a realisation that man is all alone in the world and he has to fend for himself. It is the realisation that the ultimate reality is nothing but nada, a Spanish word which means ââ¬Ënothingnessââ¬â¢. ââ¬Å"Nadaâ⬠, someone said. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s nothing.Drink up. Lift the bottle. â⬠(The Sun Also Rises, chapter15) The Sun Also Rises portrays a few American and British young men whose experiences of the war are qualitatively not different from those of Nick Adams and Jake Barnes and they are lost in a world which they do not understand. Their meaningless wanderings in Paris and la ter in Pamplona are the equivalents of their confused minds which have failed to find any guiding principles in life. Bull-fighting for them becomes a symbol of life in which the matador demonstrates how a man facing death can retain dignity.As a matter of fact it is in the face of danger and confrontation with death that they show courage, so that they can lead a life in which they can respect themselves. There is a vague realisation on the part of these expatriates that they cannot implement the matadorââ¬â¢s code in their lives because of the wounds inflicted by the war will take quite some time to heal. In A Farewell to Arms Henry realizes that his idealism which had guided him into the front is meaningless in the face of total destruction symbolized by the war.Whether he performs his duties or not, it does not make any material difference to the unit to which he belongs. The endless round of drinking and brothels is equally futile because he cannot find any object to which h e could align himself and seek some sort of satisfaction that would give some meaning to his life. His love affair with Catherine Barkley is a temporary relief from the inner disquiet and finally with the death of Catherine he is no better off than the dog nosing in the dust bin for something to eat but where there is nothing for him to find.His own wound had also but killed him. This feeling of nada then led to ââ¬Å"the lost generationâ⬠. The term lost generation is generally applied to those who had actively participated in the First World War and as a consequence of this realised that life was meaningless. As a result of the domination of machine over man, man had felt that they were extremely helpless. This disillusionment could have taken either the shape of nihilism or a search for enduring values and absolutes. In the mechanised war there was no room whatsoever for the assertion of manhood or courage and bravery.In a famous passage in A Farewell to Arms Hemingway bring s out this disillusionment. In the rain, the words like honour, glory, patriotism seemed obscene to him and what was real were the names of the regiments, streets and towns. The Sun also Rises and A Farewell to Arms celebrate the conditions that led to this disillusionment and how man sought desperately to clutch at straws in this meaningless and valueless world. There is no sentiment whatsoever about the retreat ion A Farewell to Arms or the adventures of Brett Ashley.They are delineated with the realism of a scientist but with the tenderness of an artist. There is a feeling of boredom and disgust with the half-truths and sentiments of the earlier generations. Hemingway has, along with Remarque, revealed the grotesque and the animal nature in man. Worship of instinct instead of rationality became the order of the day. The world that Hemingway has portrayed is unrecognizably part of the modern world. The violence of war is still with us. And added to it is the anxiety and fear of th e cold war that seems to have become part and parcel of the Twentieth Century life.His preoccupation with violence, decay and death may be neurotic but are still part of the twentieth century temper. The lack of morality is with us to stay. There are no religious values that can provide balm to the troubled mind. As Jake Barnes states in The Sun also Rising, ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m a rotten Catholic. â⬠In the words of Philip Young, ââ¬Å"It is a hell of a world, and we should protest it. But on the other hand we should be hard-pressed to prove that it is not the one we inhabitâ⬠¦ While other writers were watching the side acts, Hemingwayââ¬â¢s eyes were from the start focused on the main show. The devout ask for peace in our time but ironically there is no peace in our time. This is the vision that Hemingway presents in his works and it is difficult to refute its authenticity so long as our world is going to be haunted by the fear of a thermo-nuclear war. As Hemingway wrote in A Farewell to arms, ââ¬Å"If people bring so much courage to this world the world has to kill them to break them, so of course it kills them. The world breaks everyone and afterward many are strong at the broken places.But those that will not break it kills. It kills the very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these you can be sure that itââ¬â¢ll kill you too but there will be no special hurry. â⬠Work Cited: http://onviolence. com/? e=313 http://www. hrmars. com/admin/pics/1043. pdf http://www. amazon. com/Hemingway-War-Ernest/dp/0743243293 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway http://www. archives. gov/publications/prologue/2006/spring/hemingway. html Book: Hemingway on War Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-52117931398888962252020-01-05T08:58:00.001-08:002020-01-05T08:58:03.278-08:00Natural Selection And Human Evolution - 1198 Words Biological Anthropology Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is the study of human evolution defined by Anthropology Professor Dr. Craig Palmer at the University of Missouri. Evolution is the changed caused by natural selection. The effect of the inheritable elements on their own frequency in succeeding generations. (Inheritable elements replaced the words generations). The variation within species and reproductive success are the basis of natural selection. Natural selection was developed by nineteenth-century British naturalists Charles Robert Darwin (1809ââ¬â1882) and Alfred Russel Wallace (1823ââ¬â1913). Both Darwin and argued that certain individuals in a species maybe born with particular characteristics or traits that enable them to survive better. Modern scientists believe that new species emerge when small populations become isolated from the parent group and encounter new selective pressures that may favor different characteristics. Natural selection is currently viewed as one of four major forces in the evolution of species. Natural selection enabled Darwin to explain the mechanisms of biological evolution, and it remains a powerful explanation for the development of living species of plants and animals. Examples of natural selection are Hominds and Australopithecus. Hominds are the family of primates that includes the direct ancestors of humans, share certain subtle features in their teeth, jaws, and brain. Australopithecus are an extinctShow MoreRelatedNatural Selection Theories Of Human Evolution1710 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction Evolution refers to the process where living thingsââ¬â¢ behavioural and physical characteristics change over a particularly long period. As a theory first formulated by Charles Darwin in 1859, he explains the process of change that organisms go through in order to survive and better adapt to the areas they live in. Charles Darwin s theory has been widely accepted now, but it hasn t steered away from controversy particularly with regards to religion and the opposing perspective it putsRead MoreHow Organisms Evolved From a Common Ancestors1101 Words à |à 5 Pagesof evolution. This theory states, ââ¬Å"that all living organisms have evolved from a common ancestor through natural selection acting on hereditary variationâ⬠(Reece, 2011). Many people today, know humans have evolved from a common ancestor; but they do not recognize the importance of it. Everyone should be educated about how organisms evolved because humans have evolved throughout many centuries. Charles Darwin had many theories that incorporated the main principle of biology, natural selection andRead MoreEssay about Evolution1502 Words à |à 7 Pagesevolutionary process: natural selection. Natural selection gives insight in to why organisms are the way that they are. Adaptations are phenotypic variants that result in the highest fitness among a specified set of variants in a given environment. In reference to humans, there are many traits that have been selected and adapted for throughout their evolutionary history giving them the characteristics that they have today. In this paper I will discuss some parts of the human body, which have beenRead MoreEvolution Is The Biological Ideal For The History Of Life On Earth814 Words à |à 4 PagesHonors Biology Kohli December 14th, 2014 Evolution Evolution is the biological ideal for the history of life on Earth. (Evolution fact and theory). It is the process by which an organism becomes more refined over time and in response to its environment. Evolution is about how we evolved; how Neanderthals and cave men evolved into Homo sapiens much like what we are today. Itââ¬â¢s about how creatures evolved over time, dinosaurs becoming extinct through natural selection and how sharks have been alive for overRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1173 Words à |à 5 Pagesbelieving. Evolutionary theories were first proposed by Charles Darwin in the 19th century, and 150 years later, these ideas are still being studied and proven today. Charles Darwin set the basis for these discoveries. Natural Selection and survival of the fittest are two examples of evolution. Charles Darwin once exclaimed, ââ¬Å"It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most a daptable to change.â⬠This and many accusations have setRead MoreReconciling Darwins Theory of Natural Selection and Intelligent Design835 Words à |à 4 PagesNatural selection is an important component of evolution. Natural selection occurs when some members of a population are better fit for survival and reproduction than the others in that population (Phelan 284-85, 2011). The environment in which organisms live plays a part in natural selection as well. Depending on the conditions of the environment, the organisms may pass down selected traits to their offspring. These selected traits will allow for the next generation to better adapt and survive longerRead MoreAre Humans Still Evolving?1556 Words à |à 7 PagesAbstract evolution has occurred in humans for millions of years; however, in a modern society many scientists and evolutionists are now debating whether or not it is still occurring, and if it follows the same rules. With all of the new technology humans have cre ated, some experts believe that humans have essentially conquered nature, and no further evolutionary changes will occur. Still, others hold opposing views; some experts believe that evolution is still occurring, but modern societal advancementsRead MoreEvolution Of Natural Selection Evolution1005 Words à |à 5 PagesNatural Selection-Evolution Natural selection is the evolutionary process through which factors in the environment exert pressure, favoring some individuals over others to produce the next generation. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) formulated this theory that has stood the test of time. Natural selection is important to anthropology for understanding how species change. Anthropologists emphasize the complexity of evolution and how natural selection is much more than ââ¬Å"survival of the fittest.â⬠CharlesRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution1115 Words à |à 5 Pagesbelieve is the forth coming of evolution or what they deem to be the reasoning behind its development. However, Charles Darwin would change the theories of evolution and would go down in history as one of the greatest influential figures in human existence. Although some scientist disagree with Darwinââ¬â¢s Theory, Darwin is the only person who was able to provide sufficient evidence to prove his theory of evolution. The one question that remains, Can God and evolution co-exist? Darwinââ¬â¢s Education andRead MoreEvolution Is Result Of Natural Selection1300 Words à |à 6 PagesEvolution is the change in the different types of living organisms which is slow process. Natural Selection is a battle between individuals within species, which results in the survival of those organisms that are better suited to their environment than others. Natural Selection is a mechanism of evolution. There are three conditions of Natural Selection which should meet to be able to survive and reproduce, so they can pass the traits to the next generation. In all species, there are huge numbers Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-15488232848248472292019-12-28T05:23:00.001-08:002019-12-28T05:23:03.297-08:00Technology and Software in Relation to Multicultural... Technology and Software in Relation to Multicultural Education As the times change, so must an educators style of teaching. Computer technology can play a large role in this change. There are many reasons and ways schools can introduce this technology into their curriculum. There will be three of these reasons and ways discussed in the following pages. In todays society, many people believe it is time for school reform. The problem is employers are concerned that high school graduates do not have the necessary skills to be successful at a job when they graduate. Some researchers say that these reform efforts need to focus on the root causes of school problems (International). According to a California study by Paplin andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦They allow the leaner to use it for representation and expression of what they know. Learners of any age or culture can use the tools for analyzing the world, accessing information, and interpreting and organizing personal knowledge. With an increased emphasis on more teacher discretion over teaching and learning, constructivism in the classroom has a potential to increase. The basic relationship between teacher and students is changing because technology gives learners control over their own learning, which are the primary tenets of constructivism. The use of technology can have a great effect of schools. It enables every student to gain control of there own learning (International). Technology can also be integrated into the class through the use of software. Selecting the software is one of the most important components of success when using it for instruction. One has to take the needs and characteristics of each learner into consideration. There are hundreds of types of software available. The teachers who will be using it with the assistance from the technology coordinator should make the selection decisions about software. There are factors, which need to be addressed when selecting software. They are content, instruction, student-relevance, operation, design, and package components. The area of content says that the objectives should be clearly stated. It should have a purpose for the students and teachers. Moreover, the content has toShow MoreRelatedThe Technological Advancements Of The World2265 Words à |à 10 Pagescultural, political, and economic relationsâ⬠(Caldwell Community College and Technical Institute, 2014, para. 1). Knowledge of global affairs is extremely important in order to better understand how to interact with and to communicate with peoples from differing backgrounds throughout the ever-changing anthropological landscape. This knowledge also helps to familiarize individuals regarding dilemmas that have global implications. The democratization of technology has helped to make its users moreRead MoreUnderstanding Cultures And Intercultural Communication1512 Words à |à 7 Pagesstatement, referring to relevant theories and using examples where appropriate. In the past five decades, there has been a considerable increase in exchanges between different countries, such as business, financial, individual, economy, religion, education and gender. Intercultural communication is essential in the contemporary world due to globalisation. Indeed, some economists claim that intercultural communication is no longer relevant to countries while others believe that it is still significantRead MoreSingapore : A Floating Exchange Rate Essay2250 Words à |à 9 Pagesa downward effect on export and import price levels. This is significant since when we buy goods or services from overseas we pay them in their currency. Perhaps this healthy exchange rate might discourage overseas visits to NZ for tourism and education purposes, but there is no clear evidence in support of this. Socio-cultural Forces. Pertinent socio-cultural forces that are interdependent and influence peopleââ¬â¢s behaviours and preferences at work in SkillPowerââ¬â¢s NZ market are these: â⬠¢ ReligionRead MoreCase Study Maple Leaf Shoes Ltd. ââ¬Å"Selection of a Human Resources Managerâ⬠2255 Words à |à 10 Pagesof the requirements for the future human resource manager are as follows: â⬠¢ Education: bachelors degree or equivalent in Human Resources, Business, or Organization Development for a managerial position. Recommended would be Certified Human Resource Professional or a masterââ¬â¢s degree or coursework to cater Maple Leaf Shoes Ltd. needs which includes business administration, organizational development, labor relations and behavioral and social sciences. Certification in specialty areas such as benefitsRead MoreImpact of Technology and Workforce Diversity on Corporate Sector4032 Words à |à 17 PagesImpact of Technology and Workforce Diversity on the Corporate Sector | Keerthi Purushothaman III B.A. Corporate Economics 10CEM28 | Introduction With the onset of globalization, the corporate sector has transformed in many ways. It has adopted new work policies and adapted to new technologies. The impact of technology and workforce diversity on corporates is an area of growing importance. In a multicultural nation such as India, workforce diversity has a huge impact on business. WithRead MoreCross Cultural Management Research6745 Words à |à 27 Pageslanguage and cultural barriers. Motorolaââ¬â¢s Technology center in Italy is working diligently to produce and offer Mya Voice Platforms to allow consumers and organizations that are exploring the idea of relocation to communicate using the aforementioned technology to eliminate language barriers. The technology and software will allow users the capability to exchange dialogue in either a text to text or language to language format. Motorola and the technology will transcend barriers that were once commonRead MoreThe Theory Of Growth Of Singapore3101 Words à |à 13 Pagesalso gave tax benefits to foreign corporations which lowered their production costs and now had a low-skilled low-wage manufacturing workforce base ready. Soon, many corporations came into Singapore and most importantly so did their technology. Capital and technology intensive projects were brought over from the large multinational companies such as Shell Petroleum and Iron and Steel Mills10 and today Singapore has over 3000 Multinational Com panies1 (MNCs) established. During the 1960s, Singaporeââ¬â¢sRead MoreHRMT Chapter 1 notes3179 Words à |à 13 Pages(recruiting), choosing employees (selection), teaching employees and preparing them (training and development), rewarding employees (compensation), evaluating their performance (performance mgmt), and creating a positive work environment (employee relations) ââ" ¦ HRM enhances company performance by contributing to employee and customer satisfaction, innovation, productivity and development of a good reputation II. What Roles and Responsibilities do HR Departments Perform? Employment and InterviewingRead MoreThe Development of Technology in the East Encouraged the World3023 Words à |à 12 PagesThe development of technology encouraged the world to develop co-operative projects to facilitate the technology that benefit countries in economic growth. This requires work ethics and technological skills that are dominated by the Eastern especially Japanese citizens. It has been proven that the Eastern economy was developing remarkably during the 70s and early 80s. Extracted from PDF ââ¬Å"30 Years After Malaysiaââ¬â¢s Look East Policyâ⬠Aware of this situation, our former Prime Minister, Tun Dr. MahathirRead MoreDiversity at Disney5774 Words à |à 24 Pagesincluding programs on generational communications, creating an inclusive environment, disability awareness and inclusion leadership training. Disney works to accommodate guests with disabilities by training cast members, making the latest technology available for visitors, and constantly reviewing policies and procedures that govern park operations. In addition, visitors with disabilities can plan their Disney outing by reviewing a copy of the resort s Guidebook for Guests with Disabilities Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-64292403132335629382019-12-20T01:12:00.001-08:002019-12-20T01:12:04.406-08:00James Joyces Dubliners Essay - 1430 Words A Literary Analysis of Dubliners James Joyce created a collection of short stories in Dubliners describing the time and place he grew up in. At the time it was written, Joyce intends to portray to the people of Dublin the problems with the Irish lifestyles. Many of these stories share a reoccurring theme of a characterââ¬â¢s desire to escape his or her responsibilities in regards to his relationship with his, job, money situation, and social status; this theme is most prevalent in After the Race, Counterparts, and The Dead. In After the Race, the main character, Jimmy Doyle, attempts to escape his responsibilities as a student. Jimmyââ¬â¢s father pays for Jimmy to be educated in England, Dublin, and later atâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The reader quickly realizes that Farrington does as little as possible at work. His boss complains that Farrington also spends more time on his lunch break than he is supposed to (83). Mr. Alleyne also explains that talking to Farrington is like talking to a wall because Farrington seems to choose not to pay attention to his boss and does not really seem to care whether his boss is about to fire him. The same day his boss disciplines him, Farrington leaves work because he cannot seem to control his alcoholism (84). He seems to use alcohol as a way to escape his responsibilities. Finally, Farrington returns to his work and rushes half-heartedly through it. Farrington does not care about the consequences of his actions and, like Jimmy Doyle, seems to have no foresight as to what the consequences might be. In the dead the results of people escaping their responsibilities are shown, in contrast with the other stories which show actual acts of irresponsibility. Gretta Conroy acted irresponsible when she chose to marry her husband even though she was not truly in love with him. In this story, the reader sees the results of Grettaââ¬â¢s irresponsibility; she lives an unhappy marriage and causes her husband to feel depressed. At the beginning of the story the reader learns how much Gabriel cares for his wife and how he seems to always care for her. As a result, the reader can easily feel bad for Gabriel, especially when he feels badShow MoreRelatedJames Joyceââ¬â¢s Dubliners Essay1493 Words à |à 6 PagesJames Joyceââ¬â¢s Dubliners is a collection of short stories that aims to portray middle class life in Dublin, Ireland in the early twentieth century. Most of the stories are written with themes such as entrapment, paralysis, and epiphany, which are central to the flow of the collection of stories as a whole. Characters are usually limited financially, socially, and/or by their environment; they realize near the end of each story that they cannot escape their unfortunate situation in Dublin. These storiesRead MoreParalysis In James Joyces Dubliners1086 Words à |à 5 PagesHopefully this Essay is Slightly More Intelligible than Finneganââ¬â¢s Wake: Dubliners Essay ââ¬Å"To be or not to be, that is the question.â⬠Hamletââ¬â¢s famous quotation implies only two solutions: to be, or to not be. However, there is another option that Shakespeare never explored: to remain paralyzed between the two states, unable to commit to either. James Joyceââ¬â¢s Dubliners is a collection of short stories first published in 1914, that follows the inhabitants of Ireland. Published nearly a half a centuryRead MoreEssay on James Joyces Dubliners1145 Words à |à 5 PagesJames Joyces Dubliners Throughout James Joyceââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Dublinersâ⬠there are four major themes that are all very connected these are regret, realization, self hatred and Moral paralysis, witch is represented with the actual physical paralysis of Father Flynn in ââ¬Å"The Sistersâ⬠. In this paper I intend to explore the different paths and contours of these themes in the four stories where I think they are most prevalent ,and which I most enjoyed ââ¬Å"Arabyâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Evelineâ⬠, ââ¬Å"The Boarding Houseâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"A LittleRead MoreJames Joyces Dubliners Essay1450 Words à |à 6 PagesDubliners James Joyce wrote Dubliners during the 20th century. As Joyce wrote Dubliners, he probably intended on telling what Ireland was like at the time that he wrote it. He uses many different themes in this book. He specifically uses the themes of light and dark and autonomy and responsibility to illustrate what life in Ireland is like. The stories that use these themes are ââ¬Å"An Encounterâ⬠, ââ¬Å"The Boarding Houseâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"The Deadâ⬠. Each story contains the themes of light/autonomyRead More Triangular Structure in James Joyces Dubliners1970 Words à |à 8 PagesTriangular Structure in James Joyces Dubliners Within the body of literary criticism that surrounds James Joyces Dubliners is a tendency to preclude analysis beyond an Irish level, beyond Joyces own intent to create the uncreated conscience of [his] race. However, in order to place the text within an appropriately expansive context, it seems necessary to examine the implications of the volumes predominant thematic elements within the broader scope of human nature. The psychic dramaRead MoreReligion in James Joyces Dubliners Essay1452 Words à |à 6 PagesReligion in James Joyces Dubliners Religion was an integral part of Ireland during the modernist period, tightly woven into the social fabric of its citizens. The Catholic Church wa s a longstandingRead MoreSymbolism Used in James Joyces Dubliners2126 Words à |à 9 Pagesothers. James Joyce, a well-known Irish author, uses symbolism repeatedly throughout his collection of short stories published in 1916. In these stories, titled Dubliners, Joyce uses symbolism not only to enhance the stories, but to also show the hidden, underlying message of each story without coming out and saying it directly. Joyceââ¬â¢s stories are centered on the problems of Dublin and through his use of symbolism Joyce is able to focus attention on what problem each story is addressing. James JoyceRead MoreEssay on James Joyces Dubliners1404 Words à |à 6 PagesDubliners James Joyce wrote the book Dubliners; Joyce expresses many different types of emotions throughout the book. The emotions portray individuals in society, and light and dark. The emotions of individuals are examined throughout the stories by other members in society. The stories that express the ideas are: ââ¬Å"The Encounter,â⬠ââ¬Å"Evelineâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"The Dead.â⬠The symbolism of individuals in society expresses many different situations that are happening in the characters lives. TheRead MoreJames Joyces Dubliners Essay1422 Words à |à 6 PagesDubliners In the story Dubliners by James Joyce, he writes about a few different themes, some of these being autonomy, responsibility, light, and dark. The most important of the themes though must be the individual character in the story against the community and the way they see it. I have chosen to take a closer look at ââ¬Å"Araby,â⬠ââ¬Å"Eveline,â⬠and ââ¬Å"The Deadâ⬠because the great display of these themes I feel is fascinating. Many things affect the way the individual characters seeRead MoreEssay on Evelines Decision in James Joyces Dubliners790 Words à |à 4 PagesEvelines Decision in James Joyces Dubliners à à à à à à à à In the short story, Eveline, James Joyce introduces us to the life of a young woman named Eveline. She has the opportunity to escape with Frank, the man she thinks she loves, to a faraway country in search of a new life.à Instead, she decides to stay in the dreary and gloomy life she already knows.à To understand Evelines final decision to stay we have to analyze the reasons that prevent Eveline from pursuing a better Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-9210636133150459002019-12-11T21:53:00.001-08:002019-12-11T21:53:03.240-08:00The Bluest Eye Essay Research Paper Racism free essay sample The Bluest Eye Essay, Research Paper Racism in The Bluest Eye # 8220 ; There is truly nil more to state # 8211 ; except why. But since why is hard to manage, one must take safety in how. # 8221 ; When bad things happen to us, the first thing we ask ourselves is # 8220 ; why # 8221 ; ? Most of the clip nevertheless, the reply to # 8220 ; why # 8221 ; is non readily available to us, and sometimes there is non an reply at all. Racism has been a construct which has existed from the beginning of human civilisation. For some ground, the # 8220 ; whites # 8221 ; believed they were superior to everyone who was non white for a really long clip. There has ever been a misconception that racism exists purely against inkinesss from Whites. However, Morrison shows the reader every facet of racism: Whites against inkinesss, light-skinned inkinesss against colored inkinesss and inkinesss who are good off against hapless inkinesss. The latter two are the most emphatic and the most prevailing in the novel. In July # 8217 ; s Peoples, we see the other side of racism, the opression of Whites. There are many replies to the inquiry # 8220 ; why? # 8221 ; in this novel. There is non merely one reply to which it all can be narrowed down or traced back. Morrison efforts to demo the reader assorted accelerators which explain ( or can explicate ) HOW racism affected the characters # 8217 ; lives. Often, there is truly non an reply to # 8220 ; why? # 8221 ; , although at times, the reader may come across to one of the many replies to this inquiry. In the beginning of the book, the reader sees how the blonde-blue-eyed white miss ( adult female ) has ever been the conceptualized ideal. Morrison does non ( and can non ) tell us why this is and has been from the get downing of clip. However, she shows the reader how it is and to the extent it affects ( and has affected ) anyone who does non # 8220 ; fit # 8221 ; the ideal. From the beginning, the reader sees how Claudia despises this # 8220 ; ideal # 8221 ; of beauty, cognizing neither she, nor any of her sisters or neighbours could of all time populate up to. In another episode in the novel, when Pecola is on her manner to purchase her Mary Janes, the reader is able to recognize the extent of the impact this idealisation had ( and still has ) on Afro-american every bit good as many other civilizations. Morrison makes a point to stress the fact that this affected everyone in the novel, whether the character admired or despised this ideal. Mrs. Breedlove # 8220 ; passed on # 8221 ; to Pecola the insecurity she had # 8220 ; acquired # 8221 ; throughout her life. Her insecurity and self-hate had been in her since her childhood but it was made worse by her emulating the film actresses. The reader foremost sees Pecola encountered with Ra cism from a white adult male with Mr. Yacobowski. She goes to the shop to purchase Mary Janes and # 8220 ; He does non see her, because for him there is nil to see. # 8221 ; The storyteller emphasizes the fact that # 8220 ; their ugliness was unique. # 8221 ; She does non province this because it is her sentiment, or anyone else # 8217 ; s for that affair, but because # 8220 ; No 1 could hold convinced them that they were non unrelentingly and sharply ugly. # 8221 ; The storyteller states that they ( except for Cholly ) # 8220 ; wore their ugliness # 8212 ; although it did non belong to them. # 8221 ; This ugliness had everything to make with the fact that they were black, particularly for Mrs. Breedlove and Pecola. Mrs. Breedlove wanted to expression like a film star and Pecola wanted bluish eyes, both instances were unrealistic and since they could non be the # 8220 ; ideal # 8221 ; beauty, they assumed they were ugly. Rejection is a byproduct of racism. Rejection is developed in the metaphors that Morrison uses throughout the novel. The subject of nature recurs in the novel and it parallels Pecola # 8217 ; s rejection. In the beginning of the book, Claudia tells the reader that # 8220 ; there were no marigolds in the autumn of 1941. # 8221 ; She does non cognize why the marigolds did non bloom, but she can explicate what and how it happened. At this point, the reader gets an thought that there is traveling to be a parallel between this fact and person # 8217 ; s narrative throughout the book. Maureen Peal is an illustration of a light-skinned, # 8220 ; reasonably, # 8221 ; middle-class miss. Although she is non the # 8220 ; ideal # 8221 ; beauty in society, in the narrative, to all the people in town, she is near to this ideal. In the description in the novel, she is idealised and in a manner # 8220 ; worshipped # 8221 ; by everyone who knows her. She becomes everyone # 8217 ; s favourite in the school. Her apparels are described absolutely and they are unflawed, as Maureen herself ( harmonizing to the storyteller ) . Claudia says that Maureen is non their enemy, their enemy is what makes Maureen cute and the remainder of them ugly, that # 8220 ; thing # 8221 ; that makes her cute. Although racism is non the chief accelerator to everything bad that happens throughout the novel ( it is more deep-seated issues in society ) , plays a cardinal function in the development of the characters as persons, as good every bit society as a whole. Morrison excels in depicting racism as one of the many issues which can destroy a individual # 8217 ; s self-identity and assurance. Although she, like anyone else, can non explicate and does non hold an reply as to # 8220 ; why # 8221 ; racism exists, she describes in item how it ( along with other related factors ) can conveying about an single # 8217 ; s self-distruction. Bibliography Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. 323 Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-16344550620455706622019-12-04T09:35:00.001-08:002019-12-04T09:35:05.119-08:00Old English Terminology Essay Example For Students Old English Terminology Essay Present days English language has changed in many ways in the past 350 to 1600 years. The way words are pronounciated and written have changed the most. I have chosen the subjects of sports and games because both have altered in both of these manners. By looking at the words I am going to describe, you will able to see how modern people have came up with our own way of saying the same item. Sports are now being called different names then when they were originated, but the games have almost stayed the same. For example, what we call two chickens fighting to the death is a cockfight. During old England, the called the same fight a Shrove Tuesday(www.regia.org/games). There were slight differentials though, in where kids would bring these angry chickens to school and the schoolmaster would control the fights. Some minor changes in the language were words like billiard, which was spelled billard (Hendrickson, page 23), or javelin, which was known as gafeluc(www.mun.ca/ansaxdat/vocab). Board games were also a favorite pastime of children and adults alike. The most played games were tafl (www.regia.org/games), which was virtually checkers with a few special pieces that had more options on the board. Tafl literally meant table. Brannantafl, hnefatafl, and hraeotafl were all variations of the special game of checkers, except there were a few variations of the rules depending o n where you were in the country. Chess, however, was by far the most popular game of the time. In the 1200s, it was spelled hchestafl(www.mun.ca/ansaxdat/) but it had the same rules that we use today. Other pastimes of the era included knatteleik, kingy-bats, and skofuleik, which were all violent versions of hockey and hurling combined (www.regia.org/images/Tiberius/).Some less violent sports played in about 1000 were swimming. Swimming of course had been around until man realized that he could float to a certain extent, but during this time period, swimming hit a high of participation and spectating. They also had variations in this sport too, in which you were allowed to try to drown your opponent, and if you lost you were sometimes killed or you had to pay the winner a certain wage. Other water contests included seeing who could hold their breath longer under water and having races in which you were forced into carrying things across water in full armor without help. The swimmers were known as fleotend (www.regia.org/ansaxdat/vocab/). Their want for extreme conditions reminded me of early Romans growing rowdy over gladiators who were also faced against improbable odds. Some of the more fun and interesting games that the English used to play were skin-pulling(www.mun.ca/ansaxdat/). A form of tug-of-war, they used animal skin instead of a rope and they used to play over a fire, which made each man fight even harder not to lose. Though the origins of these words that I have described happened 350-1600 years ago, the actual word has not drastically changed for the most part. These sports and games were a great example of how time changes the words into current understandable words like chess and billiards.It was a great when it happened, for it showed the progress in humans to make changes to something that had been done to them, and it showed how we thought of some new exciting games such as skin pulling and the swimming competitions. All together, the world and its languages benefited between Old England and the Renaissance, helping insure, the growth of the English language. Bibliography: Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-12302663044764900272019-11-28T01:28:00.001-08:002019-11-28T01:28:03.612-08:00Richard III Essays - Richard III Of England, Shakespearean Histories Richard III Was Richard III a monster or a victim of history? Richard the III was a horrible tyrant who would stop at nothing to commit the most unthinkable acts to get what he wanted. He was a man that would kill his own family and children to obtain his one goal, which was to become the king. I know what I should be easy on the guy he couldn't have been that bad of a guy. Well, you have to forgive me I was really unable to form an opinion of Richard. I saw Shakespeare's adaptation of his life and I was convinced that he was this terrible man. Then I read The Daughter of Time by Josephine Tey. She had a much different perspective on Richard, she explained that in a lot of ways Richard was a good guy. She explains that the events that took place such as the deaths of many of his relatives were just coincidences. In this paper I will explain how we can never trust history and I will use the comparison of these two adaptations of Richard the III. Was Richard the III a horrible man or just a victim of history? There are two sides to every story, on one hand he was a good king that was misunderstood for his methods of becoming a king. On the other he was a horrible tyrant who would do anything to get to the top. This is why we must be so careful about and can't take history for granted. We have two stories of Richard; one Shakespeare's adaptation of the story depicts him as a horrible bloodthirsty maniac. Next we have Josephine Tey's The Daughter of Time which has a much different account of Richards life. For instances, Shakespeare's rendition of Richard was one of a tyrant, an evil hunchback. He would step to any level to become king of England; he killed, lied and stole to reach his goal. On one occasion he killed his brother to seek the hand of his brother's wife. He then went one step further, when she didn't accept his loving hand in marriage he begged her to slay him with the very sword that cut through her beloved husba nds chest. After some dramatics she reluctantly accepted his hand, because she didn't want to kill him and she thought of this gesture as a testament of his love for her. Richard did a lot of other cruel things: along the way he killed his other brother's children to move up the chain of inheritance to secure his right as king. Richard was most hated by his people for killing a boy in the tower; his people saw this as a vicious act of a crazy murdering madman. In contrast, Tey's account of Richard was very different. Richard was described as a victim, turned in to a heathen by the throne. Furthermore, Richard only committed murder only when his personal life had been disrupted. He would kill only in fits of rage, for instance if his wife cheated on him he would kill her for unfaithfulness, or perhaps kill her partner whose action with his wife, had in some way ruined their relationship or the future of his children. Whatever murder he committed would be the result of acute emotion, it wasn't planned. So one could say that he didn't poses the ability to kill the boy in the tower. It would have been a silly murder that Richard had nothing to gain from, therefore Richard was incapable of this murder. I am convinced that Tey's account of Richard's personality is the correct one, because his ideas and theories are well thought out and logical, and he has evidence to back them up. First of all, up until his the moment of his brother's death he seems to have been admirable and devoted to his brother. Second, Richard was known as a very good administrator. He governed the North of England as well as it could be governed . And finally Richard wasn't a hunchback that was a myth, So was the "so called" withered arm. It seems as though, he had no visible deformity, or ones that mattered. So, Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-78185556006022692822019-11-24T09:02:00.001-08:002019-11-24T09:02:03.676-08:00Free Essays on Return With HonorReturn With Honor By: Capt. Scott Oââ¬â¢Grady ââ¬Å"Return With Honorâ⬠is a book whose author was an American pilot, Scott Oââ¬â¢Grady, who was shot down above Yugoslavia in his F-16 fighting falcon. He tells about how he managed to survive and evade capture. He describes the religious trials he went through and what key events took place before, during, and after his ordeal. He begins by explaining how he had become an Air Force pilot, and how he managed to end up in the triple nickel squadron in Italy. On the day he was shot down his commanding officer, ââ¬Å"Wilburâ⬠asked him if he wanted to fly a mission that day. He hadnââ¬â¢t flown a mission all that month so if he flew one that day he wouldââ¬â¢ve gotten an extra 150$ for hazard pay, he figured why not and agreed. In the locker room he suited up, put on his G-suit, boots, and helmet, but he forgot his flight vest. Oââ¬â¢Grady didnââ¬â¢t want to take everything off and put it back on again just for the vest, so he went on and decided to crank up the excellent climate control system in his F-16. He didnââ¬â¢t know how much he would need that extra layer of clothing in the up coming days. On this mission he was to be a wingman for ââ¬Å"Wilburâ⬠. They both took off and headed for Yugoslavian air space. On their trip they switched formations various times and their computers told them constantly that other radar stations were watching them. The both of them ignored the computerââ¬â¢s warning until it told Mr. Oââ¬â¢Grady that a missile was tracking him. He looked around for the white trail of smoke and didnââ¬â¢t see the missile. It barely missed him and ââ¬Å"Wilburâ⬠, then he heard another warning that another Surface to Air missile was tracking him. Before he could turn his head the missile slammed directly into the middle of his fuselage. The airplane broke into two halves and he started to plummet towards the ground. Oââ¬â¢grady pulled the handle of his ejection suit and rocketed out of his... Free Essays on Return With Honor Free Essays on Return With Honor Return With Honor By: Capt. Scott Oââ¬â¢Grady ââ¬Å"Return With Honorâ⬠is a book whose author was an American pilot, Scott Oââ¬â¢Grady, who was shot down above Yugoslavia in his F-16 fighting falcon. He tells about how he managed to survive and evade capture. He describes the religious trials he went through and what key events took place before, during, and after his ordeal. He begins by explaining how he had become an Air Force pilot, and how he managed to end up in the triple nickel squadron in Italy. On the day he was shot down his commanding officer, ââ¬Å"Wilburâ⬠asked him if he wanted to fly a mission that day. He hadnââ¬â¢t flown a mission all that month so if he flew one that day he wouldââ¬â¢ve gotten an extra 150$ for hazard pay, he figured why not and agreed. In the locker room he suited up, put on his G-suit, boots, and helmet, but he forgot his flight vest. Oââ¬â¢Grady didnââ¬â¢t want to take everything off and put it back on again just for the vest, so he went on and decided to crank up the excellent climate control system in his F-16. He didnââ¬â¢t know how much he would need that extra layer of clothing in the up coming days. On this mission he was to be a wingman for ââ¬Å"Wilburâ⬠. They both took off and headed for Yugoslavian air space. On their trip they switched formations various times and their computers told them constantly that other radar stations were watching them. The both of them ignored the computerââ¬â¢s warning until it told Mr. Oââ¬â¢Grady that a missile was tracking him. He looked around for the white trail of smoke and didnââ¬â¢t see the missile. It barely missed him and ââ¬Å"Wilburâ⬠, then he heard another warning that another Surface to Air missile was tracking him. Before he could turn his head the missile slammed directly into the middle of his fuselage. The airplane broke into two halves and he started to plummet towards the ground. Oââ¬â¢grady pulled the handle of his ejection suit and rocketed out of his... Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-37646826035136648172019-11-21T07:02:00.001-08:002019-11-21T07:02:04.660-08:00Game Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsGame Theory - Research Paper Example Game theory is useful for many purposes. First, one must ask, what is game theory? ââ¬Å"Game theory uses mathematical tools to study situations, called games, involving both conflict and cooperation. Its study was greatly stimulated by the publication in 1944 of the monumental Theory of Games and Economic Behavior by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgensternâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Before we get into the details of game theory, it is first important to make clear a few definitions. A ââ¬Å"gameâ⬠consists of a competition between two or more parties, although in decision theory, it is possible to have a one-person game. A ââ¬Å"playerâ⬠is a party competing in said game. The state is the information known by a player at a certain point during the game. A strategy is a rule which defines how the player will play the game. The payoff is the value assigned to the result of play, i.e., the outcomeââ¬âthe results of which might be distinct for every player. The main concept behind game theory is that, in a game, each player is trying to maximize their resultant payoff. ââ¬Å"The game theoretician is concerned with the mathematical model and with conclusions he can draw from assumptions (in particular about utilities represented by payoffs) that stay put, not with assumptions that capture the entire spectrum of human conflict behavior.â⬠... with assumptions that capture the entire spectrum of human conflict behavior.â⬠2 At each stage of a game, a wide array of moves is presented to each player. Then, they each decide the move that would be the best choice, to the best of their knowledge, in order to achieve the highest payoff. There are always rules for selecting the proper moves at any point in a game which can be figured out before a game is playedââ¬âwhich is called a strategy. Subsequently, it also follows that a game which is very complex, involving many decisions at varying stages can be represented by the strategy of each player. But, the result of any particular strategy really depends on the other playersââ¬â¢ moves. Someone on the defensive might be able to calculate the lowest payoff or end result for each strategy (presuming that the particular strategy is somewhat of a secret), selecting the strategy that would result in the best (or highest) payoff. Basically, it is worth noting that one should account for the fact that many players will try to act as rationally as possible, hopefully making corollary decisions which would be deemed ration. To such an end, the main goal is to find a certain set of strategies (one per player) that maximizes each playerââ¬â¢s payoff. However, such a selection of strategies should probably be rejected if it is not equilibrium. Equilibrium is basically reached when none of the players can attain a higher payoff by way of utilizing a different strategy, given the decisive actions of the other players. The model which has thus far been described is pretty abstract, although, technically speaking, this theory can be applied to a quite huge range of scenariosââ¬âand could be thusly applied to warfare, business, sports, or even politics. Truly, the possible uses of game Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-5242637284252566182019-11-20T08:10:00.001-08:002019-11-20T08:10:03.295-08:00Critique of Thomas Friedman's Article It's a Flat World, After All Term PaperCritique of Thomas Friedman's Article It's a Flat World, After All - Term Paper Example The author started the article with the explanation of the various globalisation eras. According to the author, globalization has been categorized into three phases. The first period of globalization was from 1492 to 1800. During this period, globalization of world resources helped in shrinking the world from large to medium size (Headrick, 2000). The second phase of globalization was from 1800 to 2000 where the world shrunk from medium to small, as a result of globalization of labour and market forces. The third phase of globalization which started from 2000 has seen a drastic shift in the driving forces. It is a comprehensive mix where not only the big players but smaller enterprises are also influencing the globalisation process (Webster, 2005). Most of the parts of first and second globalisations were motivated by American and European economies and countries. But in case of third globalisation phase, it is mostly influenced by individuals and diversified businesses. When the aut hor is saying that the world is flat, he signifies that innovation can take place without emigration. The author has sarcastically explained the idea of cross-cultural businesses and the emergence of new IT hubs such as India. The first part of the article is an eye-opener. It clearly explains the current situation where the Americans and other western countries are no longer the only influencing forces. Today, the western countries are competing with the eastern counterparts. Earlier, even after having required skills and knowledge, employees and workers from developing countries were left out in terms of proper opportunities. With the advent of globalisation, the scenario has changed and so are the available options. In the second phase, the author describes the various forces that helped in flattening the world. In the year 1989 the Berlin Wall came down. According to author and many other eminent writes, this was the first mark of globalisation (Gang, Rivera-Batiz and Yun, 2010) . As the fall of the Berlin wall symbolised economic freedom for Germany in the year 1995, Netscape was announced public.à Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-41786561221800095502019-11-17T22:40:00.001-08:002019-11-17T22:40:05.018-08:00Service recovery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsService recovery - Essay Example The first thing that a service provider should do is take the whole responsibility for the breakdown (hope and Muhlemann). For example, instead of saying, ââ¬Å"It was not our faultâ⬠, he should say, ââ¬Å"We are sorry and we shall see what we can do.â⬠Apologies are a very important part of system recovery. He should make the customer feel that he is being understood and will be attended. Next, he should take immediate actions to solve the problem, and should call back the customer every now and then so that he does not feel that he is being kept waiting. If the client is too hard, the provider can use sentences like, ââ¬Å"What can we do to make you comfortable?â⬠How a provider deals with a difficult client is very important for a successful service recovery. A follow up call is very central after the system has been recovered to help maintain the stability of the relationship with the client. Works Cited Fitzsimmons, James A., and Mona J. Fitzsimmons. Service Ma nagement: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology. USA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2006. Hope, Christine, and Alan Muhlemann. Service Operations Management: Strategy, Design, and Delivery. USA: Prentice Hall, 1997. Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9106521156857863134.post-58228545002713698852019-11-15T11:12:00.001-08:002019-11-15T11:12:04.835-08:00Advanced technology in speech-based interfacesAdvanced technology in speech-based interfaces Abstract Speech-based interfaces are not new to computing, they have been relatively underused as an efficient and effective method of human and computer interaction. The technology has been of great interest over the past few years, although there are still significant improvements and possibilities for the future. This paper investigates current usages and standards of the technology and what contributions are being made. The paper also identifies some possible future uses of Speech-based interfaces, and possible future benefits of this technology, when compared to current methods and certain types of users. Speech-based interfaces are not new to computing, they have been relatively underused as an efficient and effective method of human and computer interaction. A background to the technology is included and it is described how the need for natural language and speech interfaces increased, and there became a need for standardisation, and the standard VoiceXML was released. From this standard other technologies were born, including a combination of XHTML and VoiceXML to develop Internet applications with a speech-based interface. These technologies combined with web and car technologies have provided an opportunity for voice controller motor vehicle control in the near future. While this technology has been designed to help the average person be more efficient, with some small changes there can be benefits to be gained from elderly users and disabled users as well. With every new technology there exist problems which will be discussed as well, and this will lead to a conclusion summarisi ng points and justifying the benefits. Natural language interfaces are an important part of Human Computer Interaction, as the number of telephones in the world still outnumbers of computers and therefore natural language is more widely used than a mouse or keyboard. To smooth the progress of exchanges between humans and machines the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has published a recommendation for vocal interaction language based on XML, which allows interactions on many interfaces including Internet applications by using XHTML combined with VoiceXML. Because VoiceXML uses the HTTP protocol to communicate it is possible for a VoiceXML telephone gateway to communicate with a web server, in this type of environment the web server is providing a response to a user on a telephone and bridging the gap between phone and Internet. This is supported by the World Wide Web Consortium (2010): The telephone was invented more than 150 years ago, and continues to be a very important means for us to communicate with each other. The Web by comparison is very recent, but has rapidly become a competing communications channel. The convergence of telecommunications and the Web is now bringing the benefits of Web technology to the telephone, enabling Web developers to create applications that can be accessed via any telephone, and allowing people to interact with these applications via speech and telephone keypads (p. 1). VoiceXML is becoming a standard for Human-Computer audio, with speech synthesis and recognition of spoken input. This technology brings the ability to have a natural conversation as an Internet and content manipulation interface. An automated phone system with VoiceXML also has the ability to understand or translate multiple languages. The popularity is increasing as major companies such as IBM, HP and Motorola are now supporting and using VoiceXML. A major goal is to bring the advantages of web-based development and content delivery to interactive voice response applications (Rouillard, 2007, p. 27). XHTML + Voice (X+V) are a technology for describing visual and audio web pages, visual interaction is described by XHTML and auditory interaction is described by VoiceXML. Enabling users to have a HTML display of a website, with the ability to navigate and use the site by voice or by traditional methods of input. Until recently XHTML and VoiceXML (X+V) functionality had not been implemented by major Internet browser companies, instead it had been used by small companies with government grants and been talked about as a possible future technology. Currently the Opera web browser offers native support for XHTML and VoiceXML, it will also attempt voice interaction with standard XHTML pages. While Internet Explorer and Firefox still do not have native support for XHTML and VoiceXML, although third party extensions and add-ons have been created. Opera Software ASA say, any ordinary browser command can be done by voice, such as navigating to, and following the next link in a document, goin g to the next slide in an Opera Show presentation, or logging on to a password protected Website (p. 1). XHTML and VoiceXML offer an increased opportunity with Opera web browser now being installed in Ford vehicles, for a speech-based interface to enable eye-free and hands-free computer interaction while driving. This technology could potentially control dash-panel and computer systems via speech-based interfaces, enable users functionality from changing the temperature of the heater to sending emails by voice while driving a car. Opera Software ASA say, This solution will allow Ford truck and van owners to maintain a virtual work environment with access to all of the important files, information and applications they need on a daily basis (p. 1). Because XML is a dynamic and universal language overseen by the W3C, it means that XML based technologies such as VoiceXML are not limited to Internet applications. The same piece of XML can be used for various applications and imported into other applications if they support it, and there is no reason why VoiceXML cannot be the same in the future as well. Mobile phones for some time have had the ability to read text messages and email messages aloud to the user, which could be beneficial for visually impaired persons and persons operating a vehicle. Text-to-speech software reads the text on the screen aloud in a natural sounding voice, giving you convenient access to phone menus and functions, short messages, e-mail messages (Nokia, n.d., p. 1). Using VoiceXML based technology it is entirely possible for a user to read a text message aloud to the mobile phone, the phone translate this to textual content and sends it via the SMS service. This may sound silly at first, due to the tech nology to be able to call someone and say it verbally without a computer translating the words into text for you. Although this would give businesses a greater ability to stay in contact while on the move, as text messaging is used extensively in business and preferred in some cases depending on the message being sent. This could also provide a solution to a major problem with cellular phones, which is texting while driving. In principle a technology that allows a user to drive and sent text messages safely while talking to their cell phone will save lives and make lives easier. Talking to a passenger or singing to the radio has not been noted as a significant cause of crashes, which are very similar functions to verbalising a text message. Government officials arent the only ones getting on the texting ban-wagon. TV talk show host Oprah Winfrey has launched a national television and Internet campaign to encourage people to commit to putting their cell phones away while driving (Hat tiesburg American, 2010, p. 1). As technology has progressed, people have continuously sought after smaller and smaller devices with greater detail and speed. Technology has reached the point where the input devices themselves are holding back the device from becoming any smaller. Voice interaction can escape the physical limitations on keypads and displays as mobile devices become ever smaller (World Wide Web Consortium, 2010, p. 5). With a global aging population it is important that we enable and help elderly people to function and live as independently as technology will allow. Elderly people may be able to benefit by the advancement of speech-based technologies, but to first understand how they could benefit, it is important to understand their characteristics. The human interfaces to most computer systems for general use have been designed, either deliberately or by default, for a typical, younger user (Gregor, P., Newell, A. F., 2001, p. 1). Elderly people can be crudely generalised into three groups: fit older people, frail older people and older people with long term disabilities. Fit older people can be described as those who appear or do not consider themselves disabled. Frail older people who would be considered as disabled and have one or more difficulties, including at least one that impairs their functionality in some way. The elderly who have had a long-term disability throughout their life that ha s affected the aging process and their ability to function is dependent on declining functions. Other aspects to keep into consideration are the variability in physical, sensory and cognitive abilities with the elderly, as one size does not fit all in this situation. Another aspect is the variations in ability to operate a computer system due to disabilities, impairments and learning capabilities. Gregor and Newell (2001) conclude: In general, as people grow older their abilities change. This process of change includes a decline over time in the cognitive, physical and sensory functions, and each of these will decline at different rates relative to one another for each individual. This pattern of capabilities varies widely between individuals, and as people grow older, this variability increases. In addition, any given individuals capabilities vary in the short term due, for example, to temporary decrease in, or loss of, function due to a variety of causes including illness, blood sugar levels and state of arousal (p. 2). Interfaces for older people need to have a greater diversity of functionality when compared to a younger group, to meet the greater needs. By providing a speech based interface as an option for operating a computer, it is dependent on a function that most people have used their entire lives and is reliant on a function that is not considered to dramatically decrease with age. This can also enable them to use a computer system with a telephone as described previously with VoiceXML capabilities, for those who are intimidated by technology and the thought of using a computer. Finally the interface designed needs to use general terms over technical terms, for example moving to the main section rather than clicking on the home link. Most systems and interfaces are designed for typical healthy or high functioning users, when compared with users with disabilities that can have difficulties using a standard keyboard or mouse. It is important with the growth of the Internet and technology that disabled users are not left out, and that they are able to access these resources if they choose, or if it could benefit their lives. There may be situations where a computer application could benefit the life of somebody with a handicap, but they cannot use a computer due to motor-function restrictions. This demonstrates the need for hands-free or eye-free computer access and includes two main groups, visually impaired users and motor-handicapped. The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) works with organizations around the world to develop strategies, guidelines, and resources to help make the Web accessible to people with disabilities (Web Accessibility Initiative, 2009, p. 1). Many applications and web browsers are developed to assist people with disabilities, although many of them have been quietly withdrawn leaving broken links or on the occasion that the system is still available for download it may have been abandoned and not maintained anymore. An important aspect of developing voice applications for handicapped users is that they may want to use voice control in combination with other interfaces such as a joystick or other aid devices. The aim of speech systems is generally naturalness and to copy conversations that we have had our entire lives, but in the case of users with disabilities it may be more beneficial to aim for learn-ability over naturalness. For example instead of saying activate microphone or something technical to activate the microphone, saying Wake Up: un-mutes the microphone and turns on the light in left side (Brondsted Aaskoven, 2005, p.4). Technology is currently heading toward eye-free and hands-free access of systems, for purposes such as accessing a computer while driving a car or making us more productive. The same base technology is required to support speech based services for disabled users, but the difference of needs when interacting are very different. We generally would prefer to speak to a computer in a turn based communication like we have when we are talking to other human beings, although as an aid for using systems or interface for disabled users it would be more beneficial to use command driven voice systems using non-technical terms. While still using human to human terms, such as wake-up and sleep which even severely mentally disabled users would understand. There are people with mental disabilities so severe that they are unable to understand wake-up or sleep, but they are highly unlikely to have any need for a computer, as they are more concerned with surviving day to day. The VoiceXML standard has ensured a guideline for developing voice applications, but there are currently no standards for the development environments or interfaces. This means that the layout and functionality from development environments will be completely different, and the code generated by the development environments will not necessarily be compatible, as the two different development environments will generate completely different tags and formats. Building spoken applications from scratch can take a long period of time, and several different frameworks and technologies. As VoiceXML works with predetermined grammar, which can be troublesome in the development of some applications. But by combining the VoiceXML platform with independent systems for voice recognition, it is possible to increase its capacities of understanding. VoiceXML is great step toward speech and voice based interfaces, but it has a lot of work to become a complete framework for developing speech applicatio ns. Accordingly, a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the development of toolkits and environments that hide some of this complexity and allow developers to rapidly prototype and deploy speech-based applications. (Bennett Llitjod Shriver Rudnicky Black, 2002, p. 1). Natural speech-based interfaces can provide a known and familiar interface for interacting with computer systems, because we spend our lives conversing with other people and communicating over the telephone. Current technology makes it possible to interact with a website or computer application via a telephone and it is possible to translate the language spoken for the system, and translate a response back to the user. The ability to use a generic markup language like VoiceXML with applications such as XHTML is a leap forward in creating an Internet that can be accessible via speech-based interfaces. This enables future technology such as voice controlled functions of a motor vehicle and improved cell phone speech interface. One of the most significant impacts of this technology is the ability for elderly people to use a function is not known for degeneration as a computing interface. This will also enable users who are new to computers but familiar with telephones to use a computer more easily. Many disabled people struggle to maintain their independence, with motor function restrictions that prevents them from using a computer effectively. With the ability for disabled people to manipulate programs and browse the Internet with a speech interface, it could help them maintain their freedom and independence. As with all new technologies, there are severe problems that a solution must be found for before this technology can take off; this includes a standard for a complete framework rather than just a markup language providing grammar and large vocabulary support. It is concluded that speech-based interfaces currently, and will continue to, provide benefits in the advancement of the technology, providing that the right people get access to this technology and not just the average user who is happy to type. References Bennett, C., Llitjod, A. F., Shriver, S., Rudnicky, A., Black, A.W. (2002). Building voicexml-based applications. Paper presented at the7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing September 2002, Denver, Colorado, United States of America. Retrieved February 19, 2010, from http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/papers/ICSLP2002/voicexml.pdf Brondsted, T., Aaskoven, E. (2005). Voice-controlled internet browsing for motor-handicapped users. Design and Implementation Issues, Interspeech 2005. doi:10.1.1.65.3974 Gregor, P., Newell, A. F. (2001). Designing for Dynamic Diversity Making accessible interfaces for older people. In J. Jorge., R. Heller., R. Guedj (Eds.). Proceedings of 2001 EC/NSF Workshop on Universal Accessibility of Ubiquitous Computing: Providing for the Elderly: 22-25 May 2001, Alcacer do Sal, Portugal. Dunhee: University of Dunhee. Hattiesburg American. (2010). Texting while driving deadly at any age. Retrieved March 1, from 2010 from http://www.hattiesburgamerican.com/article/20100221/OPINION01/2210304/Texting-while-driving-deadly-at-any-age Opera Software ASA. (2010). Opera Tutorials. Retrieved March 1, 2010 from http://www.opera.com/browser/tutorials/voice/using/ Opera Software ASA. (2009). Opera brings full web browsing to new ford trucks and vans. Retrieved March 3, 2010 from http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2009/04/02_2/ Nokia. (n.d.). Nokia accessibility: Text to speech. Retrieved March 1, 2010 from http://www.nokiaaccessibility.com/tts.html Rouillard, J. (2007) Web services and speech-based applications around voicexml. Journal of Networks, 2(1), 27-35. Web Accessibility Initiative. (2009). About WAI. Retrieved March 1, 2010 from http://www.w3.org/WAI/about-links.html World Wide Web Consortium. (2010). W3C voice browser working group. Retrieved March 1, 2010 from http://www.w3.org/Voice/ Aden Vaughnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380288687934526630noreply@blogger.com0